How to Use FreeBSD as a Media Server: A Lightweight, Rock-Solid Solution

FreeBSD is a powerful and stable UNIX-like operating system renowned for its performance, security, and advanced networking features. While it’s widely used for servers and firewalls, it also makes an excellent choice for running a home media server. In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to set up FreeBSD as a media server from scratch.

Whether you’re streaming movies via Plex or Jellyfin, serving audio through DLNA, or just organizing your media over SMB/NFS, FreeBSD offers a clean and minimal platform to build on — free of bloat and with full control.

🧰 Prerequisites

• A spare computer or VM with at least:
  • 2 CPU cores
  • 4GB RAM (8GB+ recommended for transcoding)
  • 100GB+ storage (depending on your media collection)
• Internet connection
• A basic understanding of terminal commands

🖥️ Step 1: Installing FreeBSD

1. Download the ISO
   • Visit https://www.freebsd.org/ and download the latest stable release (e.g. FreeBSD 14.0) ISO under the amd64 architecture.
2. Create a Bootable USB sudo dd if=FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M (Replace /dev/sdX with your USB device)
3. Boot & Install
   • Boot into the USB.
   • Follow the guided install:
     • Set hostname (e.g. media-server)
     • Use ZFS as the filesystem for features like snapshots
     • Enable sshd, ntpd
     • Create a user (e.g. piju) and add to the wheel group
4. Reboot and login

🛠️ Step 2: Post-Install Setup

1. Update the system sudo freebsd-update fetch install sudo pkg update && sudo pkg upgrade
2. Install essential tools sudo pkg install sudo nano tmux htop
3. Allow your user to use sudo echo 'piju ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' | sudo tee -a /usr/local/etc/sudoers.d/piju

📺 Step 3: Install Media Server Software

Option 1: Plex Media Server (Proprietary)

sudo pkg install plexmediaserver
sudo sysrc plexmediaserver_enable=YES
sudo service plexmediaserver start

Access via browser:
http://<your_ip>:32400/web

Option 2: Jellyfin (Open Source)

Install from packagesite:

sudo pkg install jellyfin
sudo sysrc jellyfin_enable=YES
sudo service jellyfin start

Access via browser:
http://<your_ip>:8096

Option 3: Emby (Optional Alternative)

Download .txz package from https://emby.media/ and install manually.

📁 Step 4: Add Your Media

1. Create media directories:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/media/{movies,tv,music}
sudo chown -R media:media /mnt/media

2. Mount storage (if using a separate drive):
   Edit /etc/fstab and mount your drive (e.g., /dev/ada1p2) to /mnt/media.
3. Point your media server (Jellyfin/Plex) to these directories in the web UI.

📡 Step 5: Optional – Enable Sharing Over Network

DLNA Server (MiniDLNA)

sudo pkg install minidlna
sudo sysrc minidlna_enable=YES
sudo service minidlna start

Edit /usr/local/etc/minidlna.conf to point to your media directories.

SMB (Samba)

sudo pkg install samba413
sudo sysrc samba_server_enable=YES
sudo service samba_server start

Configure /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf and add your user with smbpasswd -a piju.

🔐 Step 6: Secure Remote Access

• Set up SSH key-based login
• Change default SSH port (in /etc/ssh/sshd_config)
• Optionally install fail2ban (via ports or manually)

🧼 Bonus Tips

• Set up ZFS snapshots for backup and rollback
• Install transmission-daemon for torrents
• Monitor storage with zpool list and df -h
• Use smartmontools for drive health checks

✅ Conclusion

FreeBSD may seem unconventional for a media server, but it provides unmatched control, performance, and security — with no background bloatware. Once you get familiar with its ecosystem, it becomes a solid and long-lasting foundation for any home server project.

If you prefer minimalism, stability, and advanced file systems like ZFS, FreeBSD is an excellent choice for your media streaming needs.