Whether you’re a home lab enthusiast, a privacy-conscious user, or a small business owner, turning a Raspberry Pi, HTPC, or mini PC into a dedicated firewall/router is one of the most rewarding network projects you can tackle. But picking the right operating system is half the battle – install the wrong one and you’ll hit hardware compatibility walls, performance ceilings, or a learning curve that never ends.

This guide breaks down the top firewall and router OS options available today, matched to the hardware you’re most likely running.

Why Build Your Own Firewall/Router?

Your ISP-provided router is a black box. It may have outdated firmware, limited logging, no intrusion detection, and zero visibility into what’s happening on your network. A dedicated firewall OS gives you stateful packet filtering, VPN support, DNS-level ad blocking, VLAN segmentation, traffic shaping, and real-time monitoring – all on hardware you already own or can buy cheaply.

The hardware options commonly used for this are:

• Raspberry Pi – ultra-low power, ARM-based, best for lightweight tasks
• HTPC (Home Theatre PC) – typically x86, more CPU headroom, often already in your living room
• Mini PC – the sweet spot: x86 architecture, multiple Ethernet ports, fanless designs, purpose-built for this role

Hardware choice heavily influences which OS you should run, so we’ll cover compatibility throughout.

1. OPNsense – Best Overall for Mini PC & HTPC

Official website: https://opnsense.org

OPNsense is widely regarded as the gold standard for open-source firewall and routing on x86 hardware. It is a FreeBSD-based platform developed by Deciso B.V., a Netherlands-based company, and was first released in 2015 as a fork of pfSense. OPNsense is an open-source, FreeBSD-based firewall and routing software developed by Deciso, a company in the Netherlands that makes hardware and sells support packages for OPNsense.

OPNsense stands out for its cleaner and more modern GUI, easier-to-follow configurations, and faster update cycles, which makes it attractive to users who value usability alongside security. Compared to pfSense, many capabilities that require packages in pfSense are built into OPNsense by default.

It supports intrusion detection/prevention (via Suricata), WireGuard and OpenVPN, DNS over TLS, VLAN management, captive portal, traffic shaping, and a robust plugin ecosystem. The web UI is among the most intuitive in the space.

Best for: Mini PCs with dual Ethernet (e.g., Topton N5105, Protectli Vault, Beelink), HTPC builds

Hardware requirements: x86-64 only, minimum 2GB RAM (4GB+ recommended), two NICs

Not ideal for: Raspberry Pi – OPNsense does not support ARM

Reference: OPNsense Documentation

2. pfSense CE – Battle-Tested for x86 Builds

Official website: https://www.pfsense.org

pfSense Community Edition is the elder statesman of open-source firewalls and has been in active development since 2004. Like OPNsense, it runs on FreeBSD and supports an enormous range of packages. pfSense has been around for longer, so the community is bigger, and there’s more documentation online.

The feature set is comparable to OPNsense: stateful firewall, multi-WAN failover, VPN (OpenVPN, IPsec, WireGuard), traffic shaping, DHCP/DNS server, and more. The interface is more utilitarian and less polished than OPNsense, but for many users that’s a non-issue.

Note that Netgate, the company behind pfSense, has shifted focus toward its commercial Plus edition and their own hardware appliances. The CE (Community Edition) remains free and open source, but development velocity has slowed relative to OPNsense.

Best for: HTPC and mini PC with dual NICs, users who want the largest community and documentation base

Hardware requirements: x86-64 only, 1GB RAM minimum (4GB+ for IDS/IPS), two Ethernet ports

Not ideal for: Raspberry Pi or any ARM device

Reference: pfSense Documentation

3. OpenWrt – Best for Raspberry Pi

Official website: https://openwrt.org

OpenWrt is the go-to firewall/router OS for ARM-based devices including the Raspberry Pi. OpenWrt is the only router OS that works on the Raspberry Pi, unless you go through some workarounds. It was originally designed for embedded devices and consumer routers, but has matured into a capable platform for SBCs and x86 hardware alike.

OpenWrt, or Open Wireless Router, is an operating system that offers plenty of settings to customize your network. It ships with LuCI, a web-based interface that makes configuration accessible without needing to live in the terminal. The package manager (opkg) lets you extend functionality with add-ons like Adblock, Banip, SQM (Smart Queue Management), WireGuard, and more.

The biggest caveat with Raspberry Pi is hardware: all mainline Raspberry Pi boards are only equipped with a single RJ45 socket, so you’ll need to purchase a USB-to-Ethernet adapter to provide a separate WAN and LAN interface. This works, but USB-to-Ethernet throughput can become a bottleneck on faster connections.

OpenWRT achieves full gigabit routing on APU routers out of the box and has great VLAN and PPPoE support. It also achieves around 140 Mbit/s throughput with OpenVPN – better than pfSense/OPNsense on the same hardware.

Best for: Raspberry Pi 4/5, low-power mini routers, home users wanting a capable but lightweight solution

Hardware requirements: ARM or x86, as little as 16MB flash and 64MB RAM for embedded devices; more for Pi builds

Reference: OpenWrt Wiki

4. IPFire – Best Lightweight Security-Focused OS

Official website: https://www.ipfire.org

IPFire takes a “security-first” philosophy that sets it apart from the others. IPFire is a Linux-based stateful firewall distro built on top of Netfilter. It began as a fork of the IPCop project but has since been rewritten based on Linux From Scratch. IPFire can be deployed on a wide variety of hardware, including ARM devices such as the Raspberry Pi.

The installation process allows you to configure your network into different security segments, each colour-coded: the green segment represents safe local clients, and the red segment represents the internet. No traffic can pass from red to any other segment unless specifically configured in the firewall.

IPFire operates effectively on 2GB RAM, making it viable for older hardware or very small deployments. Its Web UI shows only core functions – firewall, VPN, DHCP, and DNS – with no overwhelming options. It supports Snort for intrusion detection, WireGuard and OpenVPN for VPN, and URL filtering via a proxy.

IPFire is better suited for those prioritising security above all else, while OpenWRT is excellent for highly customisable router solutions requiring less stringent security protocols.

Best for: Raspberry Pi, older mini PCs, users who want a focused security appliance with minimal resource overhead

Hardware requirements: x86 or ARM, 1GB RAM minimum, 4GB storage

Reference: IPFire Community Wiki

5. VyOS – Best for Advanced/Enterprise-Style Configs

Official website: https://vyos.io

VyOS is a Linux-based network OS aimed at users who want enterprise-grade routing features without the enterprise price tag. VyOS targets small and medium enterprises, research institutions, and edge computing scenarios, and runs reliably on x86_64 industrial PCs, servers, virtual machines (VMware, KVM), and some ARM devices.

Unlike the others on this list, VyOS is primarily CLI-driven – there is no web GUI by default. If you’re comfortable with Cisco IOS-style configuration syntax, VyOS will feel familiar. It supports BGP, OSPF, MPLS, WireGuard, OpenVPN, and stateful firewalling. For a home lab power user who wants to simulate enterprise routing, it’s unmatched.

For HTPC or mini PC setups where you want to run advanced routing protocols or multi-WAN BGP, VyOS is the one to reach for. It is not suitable for Raspberry Pi daily use or users who prefer a GUI.

Best for: Advanced home labs, mini PCs, HTPC-based network appliances, users with networking/sysadmin backgrounds

Hardware requirements: x86-64, 512MB RAM minimum (1GB+ recommended), no GUI by default

Reference: VyOS Documentation

Hardware Compatibility at a Glance

OS	Raspberry Pi	HTPC (x86)	Mini PC (x86)	GUI	Difficulty
OPNsense				Modern	Beginner–Intermediate
pfSense CE					Beginner–Intermediate
OpenWrt				LuCI	Beginner
IPFire					Beginner
VyOS	Partial			CLI only	Advanced

Hardware Recommendations

Raspberry Pi 4/5 – Pair with OpenWrt or IPFire. Add a USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet adapter for the second NIC. Great for sub-100Mbps connections or as a secondary DNS/firewall layer.

HTPC (Intel/AMD x86) – Any of the x86 options work. OPNsense or pfSense are ideal if you have a spare machine. Just add a cheap PCIe or USB NIC for the second Ethernet port.

Mini PC with dual NICs – The best hardware choice overall. Devices like the Topton N100, Beelink EQ12, or Protectli Vault with Intel NICs are purpose-built for OPNsense and pfSense. For gigabit throughput or running Suricata/Snort, aim for quad-core processors like Intel N5105 or better. A minimum of 8GB RAM is recommended, and at least two Gigabit Ethernet ports are essential (WAN and LAN).

Final Recommendation

• Just starting out on any hardware? → OpenWrt
• Raspberry Pi with serious security needs? → IPFire
• Mini PC or HTPC, want the best all-rounder? → OPNsense
• Mini PC, prefer larger community/docs? → pfSense CE
• Advanced home lab, CLI-comfortable? → VyOS

There is no wrong answer here – all five are free, open source, and actively maintained. The right choice is the one that matches your hardware, your network speed, and how deep you want to go into the configuration rabbit hole.

Reference Links

• OPNsense Official: https://opnsense.org
• pfSense Official: https://www.pfsense.org
• OpenWrt Official: https://openwrt.org
• IPFire Official: https://www.ipfire.org
• VyOS Official: https://vyos.io
• TechRadar – Best Linux Firewalls: https://www.techradar.com/best/best-free-linux-firewalls
• TekLager – Choosing Router OS: https://teklager.se/en/knowledge-base/choosing-router-operating-system-pfsense-vs-opnsense-vs-openwrt/
• XDA Developers – Pi Firewall Guide: https://www.xda-developers.com/protect-network-with-raspberry-pi-firewall/

The post Best Firewall & Router OS for Raspberry Pi, HTPC, and Mini PC appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Do you have an old Raspberry Pi gathering dust? Instead of letting it go to waste, you can turn it into a dedicated smart home controller. By using DietPi, an ultra-lightweight Linux distribution, we can run Home Assistant even on older hardware with surprising efficiency.

In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of installing Home Assistant using the optimized DietPi software catalog.

Prerequisites

• A Raspberry Pi (all models supported, though RPi 3/4/5 are faster).
• A high-quality SD card (Class 10 or A1/A2 rated).
• An active internet connection.

Step 1: Access Your DietPi Terminal

First, log in to your DietPi via SSH or a local terminal. Make sure your system is fully updated before starting:

Bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Step 2: Open the DietPi Software Optimizer

DietPi comes with a built-in tool that automates the installation of complex software. To open it, run:

Bash

dietpi-software

Step 3: Select Home Assistant

1. Navigate to Browse Software.
2. Scroll down to the Home Automation category.
3. Find Home Assistant and press the Spacebar to select it (you will see an asterisk [*]).
4. Tab over to OK and press Enter.

Step 4: Run the Installation

Once back in the main menu, navigate down to Install and press Enter.

Technical Note: On older single-core devices (like the Pi 1 or Zero), this process can take a significant amount of time (20–40 minutes). DietPi is compiling dependencies and setting up a Python virtual environment to ensure the best performance. Do not interrupt the process.

Step 5: Final Configuration

Once the installation finishes, the system will likely prompt for a reboot. After it comes back online, Home Assistant will start automatically in the background.

You can access your new dashboard by opening a web browser on your PC or phone and typing:

http://your-pi-ip-address:8123

Pro-Tips for Peak Performance

• Logging to RAM: Since Home Assistant writes to its database frequently, go to dietpi-config > Advanced Options and ensure RAMlog is enabled. This extends the life of your SD card.
• External Storage: If you find the system slowing down as your database grows, consider using dietpi-drive_manager to move your user data to a USB SSD.
• Stay Minimal: On older armv6l hardware, keep your integrations simple. Avoid high-bandwidth tasks like live camera streaming to keep the interface snappy.

Conclusion

Installing Home Assistant on DietPi is the “pro-level” way to build a stable, lean smart home hub. You get the power of Home Assistant without the bloat of a standard operating system.

The post Transforming Your Old Raspberry Pi into a Smart Home Hub with DietPi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Tired of short-range Meshtastic nodes? Ready to build a serious, long-distance gateway or repeater? Say hello to the PiMesh 1W, the powerful new LoRa HAT for the Raspberry Pi that’s officially live and ready to take your mesh network to the next level!

Developed by MeshSmith, the PiMesh 1W is engineered specifically for enthusiasts who demand maximum range and reliability from their Meshtastic infrastructure.

Key Features That Set PiMesh 1W Apart

The PiMesh 1W is a 1-Watt (30 dBm) LoRa HAT designed to transform your Raspberry Pi into the ultimate Meshtastic node.

• 1-Watt (30 dBm) LoRa Power: Maximize your transmission range! This is the full power allowed for unlicensed use in the ISM band (in the USA, with responsible antenna use).
• Built for Meshtastic: Optimized for long-range Meshtastic gateways, repeaters, and telemetry nodes, leveraging the capabilities of meshtasticd on Linux. It uses the same reliable radio module and pinout as the popular MeshAdv hat for easy configuration (use the lora-MeshAdv preset).
• Integrated GPS & PoE Options: Deploy your node virtually anywhere with optional modules for Power over Ethernet (PoE) and GPS, making remote, high-altitude installations simple and neat (Note: PoE is not supported on the Raspberry Pi 5 due to the connector change).
• Stemma QT/Qwiic Port: Easily add plug-and-play sensors to your node for environmental monitoring, telemetry, or custom projects.
• ** robust SMA Connector:** Unlike fragile IPEX connectors, the PiMesh 1W uses a durable SMA connector for a secure, reliable antenna connection.
• Broad Pi Support: Supports Raspberry Pi 3, 4, 5, and Zero models.

Why Choose the PiMesh 1W?

While there are other options, the PiMesh 1W is a purpose-built solution that addresses critical needs for serious Meshtastic users:

• Superior Range: The 1W output ensures your gateway hears and is heard across vast distances.
• Reliable Performance: It includes a TXCO (Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator), which is crucial for maintaining stable signal frequency—a known weakness of some other HATs that lack this feature.
• All-in-One Deployment: With integrated GPS and optional PoE, you can mount your node atop a tall mast and run a single Ethernet cable for both power and data.

Support the Work, Build Your Network

The PiMesh 1W is more than just a product; it’s a starter project by MeshSmith designed to fund more advanced open-source LoRa hardware—including multi-radio boards and bigger ideas currently in the prototyping phase.

If you’re ready to upgrade your Meshtastic infrastructure or support the development of innovative new LoRa devices, grab your PiMesh 1W today!

Official Link: https://meshsmith.net/

The post Introducing the PiMesh 1W: Power Up Your Meshtastic Network appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

For amateur radio operators who love monitoring propagation, gray line activity, and solar conditions in real-time, HamClock is already a familiar name. But setting it up on a Raspberry Pi or PC can be tedious — flashing images, configuring networks, and troubleshooting HDMI displays.

Now, there’s an easier and more affordable solution: the Inovato Quadra4K.

What Is the Quadra4K?

The Inovato Quadra4K is a compact ARM-based computer designed to run HamClock out of the box. It connects directly to your monitor or TV and transforms it into a full-time ham radio dashboard — displaying world maps, gray line tracking, DX spots, solar activity, satellite passes, and more.

Think of it as a plug-and-play HamClock appliance. No more tinkering, just connect power, HDMI, and Wi-Fi — and you’re on the air.

Quadra4K Key Features

Runs More Than Just HamClock

While it’s built to be a dedicated HamClock box, the Quadra4K is actually a fully capable mini Linux PC. It comes preloaded with:

• WSJT-X and Fldigi for digital modes
• Chromium and Firefox for web browsing
• Gimp for image editing
• VS Code, Arduino IDE, and PyCharm for coding
• LibreOffice for documents and spreadsheets
• Telegram, Discord, and WhatsApp for communications

It’s a surprisingly capable little machine for the price.

Quadra4K Pricing and Options

Each bundle includes an HDMI cable, USB power adapter, and power cable — everything you need except the display.

Why Choose Quadra4K Over a Raspberry Pi?

Let’s be honest — Raspberry Pis are fantastic, but lately, they’re expensive and hard to find. Here’s how the Quadra4K compares:

With the Quadra4K, everything just works — right out of the box.

Availability

As of now, Inovato ships to the U.S. and Canada only, but international hams can still enjoy it by sourcing compatible hardware locally and flashing it with the same software image.

You can learn more or order directly from:
Inovato Official Website

A Note from Michael

“Normally we ship in 1–3 business days, as fast as my cancer treatments will allow. Thank you for your patience, well-wishes and prayers. 73, Michael.”

This message from Michael, the creator behind Inovato, reflects the spirit of the ham radio community — built on passion, kindness, and shared curiosity. Supporting projects like these helps keep our hobby vibrant.

Final Thoughts

If you’ve ever wanted a dedicated HamClock display without the hassle of setting up a Raspberry Pi, the Inovato Quadra4K is your answer. It’s compact, affordable, and ready to go — making it the perfect addition to any ham shack, field station, or club room.

The post Meet the Inovato Quadra4K – The Ultimate HamClock Appliance for Every Shack appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

OpenMANET is an open-source initiative aimed at enabling the construction of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) radios using Raspberry Pi hardware paired with Wi-Fi HaLow (915 MHz) modules. By leveraging this combination, OpenMANET offers a cost-effective, long-range mesh networking solution without reliance on centralized communication infrastructure.

Project Overview

What Is OpenMANET?

OpenMANET defines a MANET as a self-forming wireless mesh network, wherein each node connects directly with others—eliminating dependency on traditional routers or internet access. These networks are particularly valuable in situations such as:

• Search and rescue operations
• Disaster-response scenarios
• Outdoor recreational activities
• Any context where reliable, off-grid communications are required

Design Philosophy

The project emphasizes:

• Affordability: Using widely available components to keep cost low
• Accessibility: Employing Raspberry Pis and HaLow modules for ease of assembly
• Long-range Performance: Leveraging 915 MHz operation for enhanced coverage in challenging environments

Technical Details & Progress

The initiative is still developing but outlines clear goals and components:

1. Hardware Stack
   • Raspberry Pi devices enhanced with Wi-Fi HaLow modules
   • Optional power components such as portable UPS boards
   • Wireless adapters via USB for bridging needs
2. Software & Networking
   • Utilization of mesh network protocols such as B.A.T.M.A.N.
   • Scripts for GPS-based range testing, collecting data such as location, RSSI, and SNR
   • A Push-to-Talk (PTT) application to enable voice-like communication
   • Support for multiple Raspberry Pi models and HaLow boards
3. Planned Enhancements
   • Custom enclosure design for field durability
   • Detailed setup guides for both hardware and software
   • Investigation of alternative connectivity modes for client devices

Community Applications and Wider Context

The OpenMANET approach has already inspired practical experimentation. Builders have demonstrated the ability to create affordable mesh networking nodes using Raspberry Pi devices and Wi-Fi HaLow modules. These prototypes, costing little more than one hundred dollars per unit, have shown that it is possible to form resilient mesh networks capable of megabit-class throughput.

Such projects highlight the potential for extending connectivity into areas without infrastructure, supporting applications ranging from recreational use to emergency communication scenarios.

Summary & Significance

OpenMANET embodies a promising direction in open-source connectivity:

• It establishes a framework for creating affordable, long-range mesh networking using Raspberry Pi and Wi-Fi HaLow technology.
• Its modular hardware and software design, combined with a clear roadmap, encourages experimentation and adoption.
• Community-led projects demonstrate the practical viability of its concepts, particularly for bandwidth-efficient use cases and resilient, off-grid networking.

Looking Ahead

Primary areas for future development include:

• Completing detailed assembly and setup guides to make adoption easier for non-experts
• Designing durable enclosures for real-world field deployment
• Enhancing software features, such as reliable PTT systems and efficient topology management
• Broadening hardware support to accommodate different Raspberry Pi variants and HaLow modules

Conclusion

OpenMANET offers a compelling blueprint for democratizing mesh networking by combining affordability, accessibility, and robust architecture. While still under development, the project’s goals align with broader movements toward decentralized and resilient communication infrastructure—especially valuable in contexts where traditional networks are unavailable or impractical.

Learn more at the official website: openmanet.net

The post OpenMANET: Building Affordable Raspberry Pi-Based MANET Radios Using Wi-Fi HaLow appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

WsprryPi is an open-source project that transforms a Raspberry Pi into a standalone WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Reporter) beacon. With no need for additional radio hardware, it offers an affordable and elegant way for amateur radio operators to experiment with low-power HF propagation.

The project recently reached version 2.1.1, bringing major improvements under the hood and ongoing support for current and upcoming Raspberry Pi hardware.

What is WSPR?

WSPR (pronounced “whisper”) is a digital radio mode designed for weak signal communication. It was developed by Joe Taylor, K1JT, to test propagation paths over long distances using very low power. WSPR beacons transmit signals containing location and callsign data that are automatically reported to a central network of receiving stations.

The WSPR network allows operators to see in near real-time how far their signal is being received—ideal for antenna testing and propagation studies.

What is WsprryPi?

WsprryPi is a software package that enables a Raspberry Pi to transmit WSPR signals directly from its GPIO pins—no external transmitter needed. Originally based on PiFM, the concept was expanded and modernized by several contributors. The latest versions (2.x and beyond) are completely rewritten, no longer tied to the legacy codebase, and released under the MIT License for broader adoption.

Project page: https://github.com/lbussy/WsprryPi
Documentation: https://wsprdocs.aa0nt.net

Key Features

• Full WSPR transmitter: Works standalone with Raspberry Pi GPIO
• No SDR or external hardware required
• Supports multiple WSPR bands (via harmonic filtering)
• Raspberry Pi 4 and 5 support
• Lightweight and efficient
• Easy installation with a one-liner script
  curl -L install wspr.aa0nt.net | sudo bash

What’s New in Version 2.x?

• Rewritten core codebase for better performance and maintainability
• Improved timing accuracy, especially in the WSPR transmission loop
• Enhanced systemd integration for auto-start and reliability
• Future-ready support for modern Raspberry Pi OS and hardware
• More modular, extensible design

The development shift toward a modernized structure means it’s easier to maintain, easier to contribute to, and more robust in handling real-world scenarios.

Things to Keep in Mind

• WSPR transmission through GPIO may produce harmonics. Filtering is essential to ensure spectral cleanliness and regulatory compliance.
• A low-pass filter or bandpass filter should be used before connecting the GPIO output to an antenna.
• Only licensed amateur radio operators should use WsprryPi for over-the-air transmissions.

Conclusion

WsprryPi continues to be a great tool for experimentation, learning, and passive beaconing. Whether you’re testing a new antenna, studying propagation, or simply interested in digital modes, it’s a low-cost project that packs a lot of value. The Raspberry Pi—already a favorite among radio experimenters—becomes even more versatile with WsprryPi installed.

If you want to give it a try, check out the GitHub repo or the official docs to get started. It’s a perfect example of how modern software and open hardware can empower amateur radio in smart, efficient ways.

Useful Links

• GitHub Repository: https://github.com/lbussy/WsprryPi
• Docs & Install Guide: https://wsprdocs.aa0nt.net

The post WsprryPi 2.x – A Modern WSPR Beacon Using Only a Raspberry Pi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Have you ever wanted to bring some automation or fun to your ham radio setup? Meet Hambone — a lightweight Python bot designed to run on a Raspberry Pi and controlled entirely through DTMF tones over RF. Whether you’re experimenting with digital modes or just looking to add a bit of personality to your shack, Hambone offers a creative way to control radio functions remotely.

What is Hambone?

Hambone is like an IRC bot for your ham radio — except instead of text commands, you use DTMF tones. You send a code (or PIN) over the air, and Hambone will respond with a voice message, weather update, random numbers, or even an echo test. It’s especially fun to use with radios that support DTMF like the Yaesu VX-7R.

Built for voice experimentation, Hambone can read out the time, date, or local weather. It can even be configured to act like a quirky number station or a parrot repeater. All you need is a Raspberry Pi, a basic audio/PTT interface, and your radio.

Features at a Glance

• DTMF command recognition
• Voice playback via your radio
• Weather reports using OpenWeatherMap
• Time and date readouts
• Parrot (echo) test
• Custom audio playback
• Designed for Raspberry Pi and Yaesu VX-7R
• Easily extendable with custom Python modules

How It Works

Hambone listens continuously for incoming audio from your radio. When you transmit a DTMF tone sequence (like 8463 for “TIME”), Hambone detects it, interprets the command, and triggers a module to respond.

The response might be a synthesized voice speaking the current time, or it could play an MP3 audio clip over the air using your Pi’s sound card and a simple GPIO-controlled PTT.

You can clear previous input with *#, or enter a new command at any time. It feels like a real bot conversation — just over radio waves.

Common DTMF Commands

You can also play pre-recorded audio or add your own custom modules with a little Python knowledge.

What You’ll Need

To set up Hambone, you’ll need:

• A Raspberry Pi (any modern model will work)
• Python 3 and some dependencies (like pyaudio, gTTS, espeak-ng, numpy, etc.)
• A sound card or USB audio adapter (CM108/CM1xx recommended)
• An interface cable between your Pi and radio with PTT control (schematics included in the repo)
• A ham radio like the Yaesu VX-7R with DTMF support

Once it’s wired up, you can transmit commands from your handheld or base station and hear Hambone speak back — no keyboard required.

Developer-Friendly and Modular

Hambone is cleanly structured with a modules/ directory that makes adding new features easy. Want it to tell jokes? Quote APRS packets? Play SSTV clips? It’s all possible. Just drop in a Python script and connect it to a new DTMF command.

If you’re more advanced, Hambone even supports USB audio devices with GPIO pins, letting you avoid using the Pi’s native GPIO.

For Experimenters and Hobbyists

This isn’t a polished product — it’s a playground for ham radio tinkerers. The code is MIT licensed, actively developed by hobbyist @notpike, and available on GitHub:

https://github.com/notpike/Hambone

Final Thoughts

Hambone blends ham radio tradition with modern computing in a refreshingly simple way. It’s not just about automation — it’s about having fun, learning Python, and breathing life into old hardware.

The post Turn Your Raspberry Pi Into a Ham Radio Bot with Hambone appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

If you’re into amateur radio and love to tinker, here’s something weirdly fun to experiment with: rpitx2 — a software-only RF transmitter for the Raspberry Pi.

No, it’s not a substitute for your HF rig. No, it’s not going to replace your IC-7300 or even your Baofeng. But if you’re looking for an experimental project that lets you transmit real RF signals using just a Raspberry Pi and a bit of wire, rpitx2 is surprisingly powerful — in a nerdy kind of way.

What Is rpitx2?

rpitx2 is the second generation of the original rpitx by F5OEO. It’s a general-purpose RF transmitter that works by abusing (intentionally!) the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pin to generate radio signals between 5 kHz and 1500 MHz. That covers everything from VLF to UHF.

All you need is:

• A Raspberry Pi (several models supported, more on that below)
• A short wire connected to GPIO 4 (pin 7) as an antenna
• The rpitx2 software
• And a sense of curiosity, because this is very much a let’s-see-if-it-works kind of project

A Word of Warning

This is experimental software. It hasn’t been certified for compliance with RF transmission regulations. You are entirely responsible for how you use it. If you’re a licensed amateur operator, stay within legal bands and power limits. If you’re not licensed — don’t transmit at all. Just use it into a dummy load or observe via SDR.

Also, don’t expect miracles. This is not a high-quality transmitter. The Pi is doing all the work in software. There’s no filtering, no PA stage, no real impedance matching — just raw RF squeezed out of a pin that was never meant to do this.

It’s great for short-range testing and learning about modulation, not for talking to DXCC entities.

What Can You Actually Transmit?

rpitx2 comes with a bunch of built-in demos and modes:

• FM with RDS: Yes, you can set up a mini pirate radio station (don’t, unless legal) that sends out stereo FM with station text.
• SSB Voice: Transmit your voice using single-sideband — just keep it low power.
• SSTV (Slow Scan TV): Send an image over HF using Martin1 mode and receive it on QSSTV.
• FreeDV: Try your hand at digital voice communication over RF.
• Pocsag: Yep, you can simulate a pager transmission.
• Carrier, Chirp, Spectrum tests: Great for SDR visualization and modulation experiments.

There’s also a “replay” function — you can record a signal with an SDR and replay it via rpitx2, for fun or analysis.

Hardware Compatibility

Here’s a quick breakdown of which Pi models work:

Raspberry Pi	Status
Pi Zero	Works
Pi Zero W	Works
Pi 3B / 3B+	Works
Pi 4	Sometimes
Pi 400	Sometimes
Pi 5	Not yet

Some models, especially Pi 4 and 400, can be unstable. Pi 3A+ seems to work quite well. Also, remember: no filtering means your Pi is potentially throwing out a lot of unwanted signals (harmonics). Be a good neighbor. Use a low-pass filter, or better yet, a dummy load.

Range? Power? Don’t Expect Much

At best, the Pi can output around 50 mW, depending on the GPIO drive strength and settings. The signal is enough to get picked up across a room or even down the block with the right antenna — but it’s not going to break through noise floors or reach satellites.

It’s been reported that a ~79 cm wire can give you a few hundred meters of range on 95 MHz in ideal conditions, but that’s highly variable.

The real value here isn’t range or power — it’s the education. You’ll learn about modulation schemes, SDR waterfall displays, antenna resonance, and more, all for the cost of a Raspberry Pi and some wire.

Use Cases for Hams

So why would a licensed ham care about this?

• Modulation experiments: Visualize FM, AM, SSB, and digital modes.
• Test signal generation: Useful for SDR calibration or receiver alignment.
• Digital mode experiments: Try encoding and decoding FreeDV, SSTV, POCSAG, etc.
• Beacons: Set up a temporary WSPR/OPERA-style beacon on ISM bands.
• Educational demos: Perfect for club meetings, STEM events, or just showing friends how modulation works.

Final Thoughts

rpitx2 is not a serious transmitter — but it’s not supposed to be. Think of it more like a radio playground for hackers and hobbyists. You’ll learn a lot, break a few things, maybe even disturb your FM radio a little. Just be responsible and legal about it.

It’s a brilliant reminder that sometimes, the best tools for learning aren’t the most expensive — they’re the most hackable.

Visit and learn more at https://github.com/KubaPro010/rpitx2

The post Playing with RF: rpitx2 Turns Your Raspberry Pi into a Radio Transmitter appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Amateur radio enthusiasts have long been using APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) to track mobile stations, send messages, and share telemetry over RF and the internet. Traditionally, building an APRS tracker has required a fair bit of wiring, configuration, and standalone software installation. However, thanks to the work of the open source community—particularly the sdr-enthusiasts/docker-aprs-tracker project—it’s now possible to deploy a self-contained APRS tracker inside a Docker container.

This raises an interesting question: could we build a compact, mobile APRS tracker using a Raspberry Pi and this containerized setup? While I haven’t personally tested this combination yet, I believe the idea holds real promise and is worth exploring.

The Project: docker-aprs-tracker

The docker-aprs-tracker project packages Direwolf (a software TNC), GPSD (for GPS data input), and Chrony (for system time synchronization) into a Docker container. It’s designed to be run on a minimal Linux environment and supports ARM architectures, including Raspberry Pi models (such as the 3B+, 4B, and even some alternatives like LePotato). This makes it an ideal candidate for Raspberry Pi deployments.

Why Raspberry Pi?

The Raspberry Pi is a perfect fit for this kind of project due to its low power consumption, small size, and ARM64 compatibility. When paired with a USB GPS module, a USB sound card, and a Baofeng radio (or any HT that supports audio input/output), it has the potential to become a fully functional APRS tracker with digipeater capability.

Here’s the rough concept:

• Raspberry Pi (DietPi or Raspberry Pi OS Lite): Lightweight Linux OS, running headless.
• USB GPS module: Feeds GPS coordinates to the container via GPSD.
• USB sound card: Acts as the audio interface to the radio.
• Baofeng UV-5R: Transmits and receives APRS signals.
• Direwolf inside Docker: Handles AX.25 packet encoding/decoding and beaconing.

Key Advantages

• Portability: Everything runs on a Pi, powered by USB or battery.
• Simplicity: Containerized deployment reduces the mess of dependencies.
• Modularity: You can easily swap out hardware components.
• Maintainability: Configuration is stored in a version-controlled docker-compose.yml.

Points to Consider

This project is still under active development, and the container is described as “low maturity,” meaning bugs and frequent changes should be expected. For experimental or personal use, this isn’t a deal-breaker. In fact, it can be a great learning opportunity.

Also, tuning the audio interface can be tricky—especially if you’re using a VOX-based cable like the BTech APRS-K1. The creator of the project recommends a CM108-based USB sound card with built-in PTT support for more reliable transmission. There’s even mention of pre-built options from na6d.com that combine everything in a compact form.

Final Thoughts

While I haven’t built this setup yet, the combination of Docker, Direwolf, and Raspberry Pi opens the door for a lightweight, portable APRS tracker that could be deployed in a vehicle, on a hiking trip, or even at a public service event. It’s an idea I believe many radio amateurs will find interesting—especially those already comfortable working with Raspberry Pi and containerized applications.

If you’re looking for your next ham radio project, this might just be it. And if you do build it, I’d love to hear how it works out for you. Visit and learn more at https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-aprs-tracker

The post Building an APRS Tracker with Raspberry Pi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Meshtastic, an open-source project that enables long-range mesh communication over LoRa radios, has gained a loyal following in the amateur radio and DIY communities. One enthusiast, Jeff Geerling, has recently documented his efforts to decode Meshtastic traffic using GNU Radio on a Raspberry Pi 5. This project showcases the power of software-defined radio (SDR) and open-source tools to visualize and understand wireless protocols.

The Goal: Portable Meshtastic Decoder

Jeff’s goal was to create a portable Meshtastic monitor using a Raspberry Pi 5, a HackRF SDR, and a 7.84″ DeskPi touchscreen mounted in a compact Rackmate TT rack. This setup would allow for real-time visualization of Meshtastic signals at events like Open Sauce, helping educate attendees about the power and accessibility of SDR.

To monitor Meshtastic communications, he centered his setup on the LongFast frequency—902.125 MHz in the U.S.—and built a GNU Radio Companion (GRC) flowgraph to decode and visualize the transmissions.

Setting Up GNU Radio on Raspberry Pi

Installation

Installing GNU Radio on Raspberry Pi OS is straightforward:

sudo apt install -y gnuradio cmake

For those using a HackRF One:

sudo apt install -y hackrf libhackrf-dev soapysdr-module-hackrf

GNU Radio Companion can be launched from the Pi menu under Programming.

If errors occur, such as ModuleNotFoundError: Cannot import gnuradio, it may be necessary to adjust your environment variables or downgrade NumPy:

pip install numpy==1.26.4

Integrating Meshtastic Support

To decode Meshtastic packets, Jeff used the Meshtastic_SDR project by Josh Conway.

Clone the project:

cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://gitlab.com/crankylinuxuser/meshtastic_sdr.git

Install dependencies:

pip3 install meshtastic --break-system-packages

Install the GNU Radio LoRa SDR plugin:

sudo apt install -y cmake
git clone https://github.com/tapparelj/gr-lora_sdr
cd gr-lora_sdr
mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
sudo make install -j$(nproc)
sudo ldconfig

This installs the LoRa transceiver blocks for use in GNU Radio Companion.

Visualizing the Data

With everything installed, Jeff loaded a GRC file from the Meshtastic_SDR project:

~/Downloads/meshtastic_sdr/gnuradio scripts/RX/Meshtastic_US_allPresets.grc

Or, for RTL-SDR users with narrower bandwidth:

~/Downloads/meshtastic_sdr/gnuradio scripts/RX/Meshtastic_US_62KHz_RTLSDR.grc

He used filters and a Rational Resampler to narrow in on the LongFast channel and displayed the signal using a QT GUI Waterfall Sink. This allowed clearer visualization of signal activity over time.

To eliminate the DC spike in the center of the waterfall, you can:

1. Install gr-correctiq
2. Slightly shift the tuning off-center

Troubleshooting RX Scripts

While the GNU Radio flowgraphs worked well for visualization, decoding actual Meshtastic messages via the provided Python scripts proved problematic. Running:

cd ~/Downloads/meshtastic_sdr/python\ scripts
python3 meshtastic_gnuradio_RX.py -n 127.0.0.1 -p 20004

…resulted in repeated “OsO” messages and no usable output. Jeff filed an issue on the Meshtastic_SDR GitLab repository and is continuing to debug.

He also shared two modified GRC files—focused on a single channel to reduce CPU load:

• Meshtastic-US-LongFast.grc
• Meshtastic-US-ShortTurbo.grc

(Rename from .grc_.txt to .grc to open in GNU Radio Companion.)

Common Errors and Fixes

If you encounter errors like:

ImportError: libgnuradio-lora_sdr.so.1.0.0git: cannot open shared object file

…you may need to uninstall and reinstall the LoRa SDR plugin properly:

cd ~/Downloads/gr-lora_sdr/build
sudo make uninstall
sudo make clean
cd ..
sudo rm -rf build
# Then repeat cmake and make install steps

If your HackRF is not detected:

1. Confirm it’s visible via lsusb
2. Run:

SoapySDRUtil --probe="driver=hackrf"

If root access is needed, try sudo SoapySDRUtil ... and reboot afterwards.

Final Thoughts

Despite some hiccups decoding messages, the project demonstrates the flexibility of GNU Radio and Raspberry Pi for protocol exploration. Jeff’s build serves as a great educational tool and stepping stone for anyone interested in SDR, LoRa, or mesh networking.

For those diving in, expect a learning curve with dependencies, Python environments, and signal debugging—but the result is a powerful custom SDR monitoring setup.

Sources:

• Decoding Meshtastic with GNURadio on a Raspberry Pi – Jeff Geerling
• Meshtastic SDR GitLab
• GNU Radio
• Meshtastic Project

The post Exploring Meshtastic Decoding with GNU Radio on a Raspberry Pi 5 appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Imagine operating your entire ham radio station remotely — from anywhere in the world — using only a web browser and a Raspberry Pi. Sounds futuristic? Not anymore.

Introducing Simple Ham Radio Remote (SimpleHRR) — a lightweight, browser-based web app designed for amateur radio operators who want to remote control their transceivers over the Internet. Whether you’re using a PC, laptop, Android phone, or iPhone (Safari tested), SimpleHRR brings your station to your fingertips — no extra software, no complex wiring, no subscription fees.

What Is SimpleHRR?

SimpleHRR (Simple Ham Radio Remote) is a web-based remote control system hosted on a low-cost Raspberry Pi (or Le Potato) that connects directly to your amateur radio transceiver via USB and your home network via Ethernet.

No SCU-LAN10.
No Remote Desktop.
No TeamViewer.
Just a browser — that’s it.

Key Features

• Full Radio Control: Power, Band, Mode, VFO, TX/RX settings, filters, notch, gain — everything is right there.
• Two-Way Audio: Talk and listen directly from the browser — no need for Mumble, Skype, or other VOIP software.
• Integrated Webcam Feed: Keep an eye on your shack or monitor your equipment remotely.
• Web Server Included: Host your own station schedule or control page.
• Multi-User Support: Set up individual accounts for club members or shared stations.
• Browser-Based UI: Fully functional interface using mouse wheel and keyboard shortcuts (e.g., spacebar for PTT).
• Smart Fail-Safe: Automatically turns off radio if the connection drops — no risk of accidental transmissions.

Radios Supported

Currently tested with:

Icom: IC-7300, IC-7610, IC-705 (HF/VHF/UHF), IC-2730A
Yaesu: FT-710, FT-2000, FT-950, FT-450

Thanks to its use of CI-V and CAT protocols, many other radios may also work out of the box.

Why SimpleHRR?

• No Subscription Fees – It’s free and open for all hams.
• Headless Setup – No monitor or keyboard required. Just flash the prebuilt image to a microSD card and go.
• Runs on Raspberry Pi or Le Potato – Inexpensive, low-power devices make the setup super affordable.
• LAN + WiFi + Internet – Connect locally or remotely. Even works with mobile WiFi hotspots.

Setup Requirements

• Raspberry Pi 4 (or similar SBC)
• Raspbian Lite (preloaded image provided)
• USB cable for your radio
• 8GB or larger microSD card
• 5V power supply
• Network connection (LAN/WiFi)

Use your favorite microSD flashing tool, boot up the Pi, and access your remote shack via browser login — it’s that easy.

Works With:

• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Safari (tested on iPhone 12)
• Any modern web browser

Use Case Example: Remote Control the Icom IC-7300

With just a Raspberry Pi 4 and a USB cable, you can remotely:

• Power on/off your IC-7300
• Select bands and modes
• Use VFO tuning and filters
• Transmit and receive with integrated audio
• Monitor your shack with a webcam

All through a clean, intuitive web interface.

Final Thoughts

If you’re looking for a truly simple, reliable, and cost-effective way to control your amateur radio station from anywhere, Simple Ham Radio Remote might just be the tool you’ve been searching for.

No frills. No bloat. Just your radio, your Raspberry Pi, and your browser.

Get started today at SimpleHRR.com and transform how you connect to the airwaves — remotely, efficiently, and with total control.

The post SimpleHRR: The Easiest Way to Remote Control Your Ham Radio Station with Just a Raspberry Pi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Whether you’re setting up an APRS iGate, running digital modes, or experimenting with SDR, the Raspberry Pi is a fantastic platform for amateur radio. It’s small, efficient, and surprisingly powerful. But with so many OS choices out there, which one is best for your shack?

Here’s a comprehensive guide to the best operating systems and setups tailored for amateur radio enthusiasts using the Raspberry Pi.

1. Raspberry Pi OS – The Flexible Foundation

Best for: Custom setups and flexibility
Why choose it? This is the official OS supported by the Raspberry Pi Foundation and offers full compatibility with most ham radio applications.

With the base OS (either the full desktop or the Lite version), you can install exactly what you need. Perfect for hams who want full control.

Recommended ham packages:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install fldigi flrig wsjtx js8call direwolf xastir

You can also add chirp for radio programming, gnuradio for SDR, or gpsd for location services.

2. HamPi – All-in-One Ham Radio OS

Developed by: Dave Slotter, W3DJS
Best for: Plug-and-play ham shack
What makes it special? HamPi is a fully-loaded Raspberry Pi image designed just for amateur radio.

Included software:

• WSJT-X, FLDIGI, JS8Call, CQRLOG
• GNU Radio, Xastir, Direwolf
• A huge range of tools for HF, VHF, SDR, logging, and more

Download from: https://github.com/dslotter/HamPi

Tip: Best used on Raspberry Pi 4 with 2GB RAM or more.

3. Build-a-Pi – Script Your Shack (73Linux)

Created by: KM4ACK
Best for: DIY-friendly automation
What it does: Build-a-Pi is a script that transforms a fresh install of Raspberry Pi OS Lite into a complete ham radio toolkit.

Features:

• Custom installs for JS8Call, WSJT-X, Direwolf, FLDIGI, HamLib
• Great for headless or touchscreen operation
• Community-supported and frequently updated

More info: https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux

4. PiAPRS – APRS-Focused Builds

Best for: APRS digipeaters, iGates, and trackers
Suggested setup:

• Start with Raspberry Pi OS Lite
• Add direwolf, aprx, or YAAC
• Add gpsd for GPS integration
• Connect via USB soundcard or hardware TNC

Perfect for building your own APRS infrastructure or mobile station. Simple, reliable, and efficient.

More info: https://github.com/km4ack/Pi-APRS

5. SkyAware / PiAware – For ADS-B and Aircraft Tracking

Developed by: FlightAware
Best for: Monitoring aircraft with an RTL-SDR dongle
What it does: This turnkey OS lets you receive live ADS-B data and feed it to FlightAware or view it locally.

More info: flightaware.com/adsb/piaware

Plug in your SDR and antenna, and you’re tracking planes in no time.

6. DragonOS – For Hardcore SDR Users

Best for: SDR experimentation and development
What’s inside: GNU Radio, GQRX, SDRangel, and a full set of signal analysis tools.

Note: DragonOS is heavier and best suited for Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 with plenty of RAM.

More info: DragonOS on SourceForge

7. Minimal Setup for Bots and Headless Gateways

For projects like APRS bots, stick to a minimal OS like:

• Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bit)

Then install only what’s needed:

sudo apt install python3 gpsd direwolf ax25-tools

Manage your scripts with systemd or cron. This keeps your system lean and efficient.

Recommended Hardware

• Raspberry Pi Model: Pi 3B+ or Pi 4 (2GB+ RAM recommended)
• Storage: At least 16GB Class 10 microSD or USB SSD
• Extras: USB soundcard, GPS module, USB-Serial cable, or TNC interface (e.g. Signalink, Digirig)

Final Thoughts

There’s no “one size fits all” OS for amateur radio on Raspberry Pi. It depends on your use case:

• Want an APRS gateway? Go minimal with Direwolf on Raspberry Pi OS Lite.
• Prefer digital modes like FT8 or JS8? Try HamPi or Build-a-Pi.
• Into SDR or signal decoding? DragonOS has you covered.
• Want to feed ADS-B data to FlightAware? Use PiAware.

Whatever your setup, the Raspberry Pi continues to be a powerhouse for hams who love to tinker, operate, and innovate.

The post Best Operating Systems for Raspberry Pi in Amateur Radio Use appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Winlink is an essential tool in emergency and portable amateur radio communications. It allows you to send and receive emails over RF using various modes like VHF, UHF, and HF. In this guide, I’ll walk you through setting up a Winlink client on a Raspberry Pi, turning your Pi into a lightweight and powerful messaging hub.

Whether you’re preparing for EmComm scenarios or operating in remote areas, this setup gives you email access without the internet.

What You’ll Need

• Raspberry Pi 3, 4, or Zero 2 W (running Raspberry Pi OS or Debian-based Linux)
• Internet access for installation
• Your amateur radio license
• A soundcard interface (e.g., Signalink, Digirig, or USB soundcard)
• A transceiver (VHF/UHF or HF)
• A Winlink account (free to register on first connect)

Optional but useful:

• USB GPS (for mobile use)
• Touchscreen or headless SSH setup

Step 1: Install Dependencies

First, update your Pi:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Install required packages:

sudo apt install build-essential git cmake libhamlib-dev libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev libconfig++-dev libfftw3-dev libpulse-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libudev-dev libasound2-dev

Step 2: Install pat — the Winlink Client

pat is a cross-platform Winlink client written in Go, ideal for headless or GUI-less systems like the Raspberry Pi.

Install Go (if not installed):

sudo apt install golang-go

Clone and build pat:

cd ~
git clone https://github.com/la5nta/pat.git
cd pat
go build
sudo cp pat /usr/local/bin/

Verify:

pat version

Step 3: Configure pat

Create config directory:

mkdir -p ~/.config/pat
nano ~/.config/pat/config.json

Paste and edit this basic configuration:

{
  "mycall": "9M2PJU",
  "secure_login_password": "your_winlink_password",
  "locator": "OJ03pa",
  "listen": ["http"],
  "http_addr": "0.0.0.0:8080"
}

Replace 9M2PJU with your callsign, and set your password. The locator can be your Maidenhead grid square.

Step 4: Connect Radio & Sound Interface

Connect your USB soundcard interface to the Pi and your transceiver. Make sure audio in/out is working (check with arecord and aplay).

Optional: Configure audio devices in ~/.asoundrc or set defaults with alsamixer.

Step 5: Install ardop or ax25 Modem

Install ARDOP (for VHF/UHF or HF soundcard modes)

Clone and build:

cd ~
git clone https://github.com/la5nta/ardop.git
cd ardop
go build
sudo cp ardop /usr/local/bin/

Step 6: Launch pat Web Interface

Run the client:

pat http

On your browser, navigate to:

http://<raspberrypi-ip>:8080

You’ll see the Winlink pat interface. You can compose messages, connect to gateways, and send emails over RF.

Step 7: Send and Receive Messages

To send a message:

1. Click Compose
2. Enter recipient (e.g., yourname@winlink.org)
3. Choose Winlink CMS Relay for direct messages or Packet/ARDOP for RF
4. Click Send

To send via RF (Packet or ARDOP), you’ll need to set up modems and gateway frequencies. Example (packet mode):

pat connect ax25 KLSAR-10

Or ARDOP:

pat connect ardop K4CJX

Tips and Tricks

• Use tmux or screen to keep pat running in the background
• Install ax25-tools if using hardware TNC
• Use direwolf for software packet TNC (AX.25 mode)
• Set up a cronjob to auto-launch on boot

Security Note

The web interface doesn’t use SSL by default. If you’re exposing this over a network, consider using SSH tunneling or a reverse proxy with HTTPS.

Final Thoughts

With just a Raspberry Pi and some ham radio gear, you now have a fully functional Winlink station capable of handling email over RF. This setup is portable, reliable, and an excellent asset for both casual and emergency use.

The post How to Set Up a Winlink Client on a Raspberry Pi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

If you’re looking for a low-power, always-on solution for streaming your personal media library, the Raspberry Pi makes a great Plex server. It’s compact, quiet, affordable, and perfect for handling basic media streaming—especially for home use.

In this post, I’ll guide you through setting up Plex Media Server on a Raspberry Pi, using Raspberry Pi OS (Lite or Full) or Debian-based distros like Ubuntu Server.

What You’ll Need

• Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 (at least 2GB RAM, 4GB+ recommended)
• microSD card (32GB+), or SSD via USB 3.0
• External storage for media (USB HDD/SSD or NAS)
• Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection
• Raspberry Pi OS (Lite or Desktop)
• A Plex account (free is enough)

Step 1: Prepare the Raspberry Pi

1. Flash Raspberry Pi OS using Raspberry Pi Imager
2. Enable SSH and set hostname (optional)
3. Boot the Pi, log in, and update:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Plex Media Server

Plex is available for ARM-based devices via their official repository.

1. Add Plex repo and key:

curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list
sudo apt update

2. Install Plex:

sudo apt install plexmediaserver -y

Step 3: Enable and Start the Service

Enable Plex on boot and start the service:

sudo systemctl enable plexmediaserver
sudo systemctl start plexmediaserver

Make sure it’s running:

sudo systemctl status plexmediaserver

Step 4: Access Plex Web Interface

Open your browser and go to:

http://<your-pi-ip>:32400/web

Log in with your Plex account and begin the setup wizard.

Step 5: Add Your Media Library

Plug in your external HDD or mount a network share, then:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/media
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/media

Make sure Plex can access it:

sudo chown -R plex:plex /mnt/media

Add the media folder during the Plex setup under Library > Add Library.

Optional Tips

• Transcoding: The Pi can handle direct play (no transcoding) well, but struggles with transcoding large files. Use compatible formats like H.264 (MP4).
• USB Boot: For better performance, boot the Pi from an SSD instead of a microSD card.
• Power Supply: Use a proper 5V/3A PSU to avoid crashes under heavy disk load.
• Thermal: Add a heatsink or fan for the Pi if using Plex for long sessions.

Secure Your Server

• Use your router to forward port 32400 only if you want remote access.
• Set a strong Plex password.
• Enable Tailscale or WireGuard for secure remote access without exposing ports.

Conclusion

A Raspberry Pi might not replace a full-blown NAS or dedicated server, but for personal use or as a secondary Plex node, it’s surprisingly capable. With low energy usage and silent operation, it’s the perfect DIY home media solution.

If you’re running other services like Pi-hole or Home Assistant, the Pi can multitask well — just avoid overloading it with too much transcoding.

The post Building a Plex Media Server with Raspberry Pi appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

In the digital age, accurate timekeeping is more critical than ever. From ensuring data consistency across global servers to enabling GPS navigation and military operations, the precision of our clocks underpins modern infrastructure. This post explores how Network Time Protocol (NTP), atomic clocks, and the Global Positioning System (GPS) work together to synchronize time around the world—and what stratum levels really mean in timekeeping hierarchy.

What Is Network Time Protocol (NTP)?

NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers and devices over a network. It allows systems to keep time within milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is the global time standard.

NTP works using a hierarchical structure of stratum levels, with each level representing the “distance” from the reference clock (usually an atomic clock or GPS-based source).

How NTP Works

Here’s a simplified overview of the process:

1. A client computer sends a request to an NTP server.
2. The NTP server responds with the current time along with information about when the request was received and replied to.
3. The client calculates the round-trip delay and clock offset.
4. The local clock is adjusted accordingly, either gradually or immediately.

This process often repeats at regular intervals to maintain synchronization.

Understanding NTP Stratum Levels

NTP servers are organized into strata based on how close they are to the original time source:

• Stratum 0: These are the reference clocks—usually atomic clocks, GPS receivers, or radio clocks. They don’t connect directly to the internet.
• Stratum 1: Servers directly connected to stratum 0 devices. These are often publicly available NTP servers and offer highly accurate time.
• Stratum 2: Servers that sync with stratum 1 servers. Most users rely on these.
• Stratum 3–15: Each additional level syncs from the level above, with increasing latency and reduced accuracy.
• Stratum 16: Designated for unsynchronized servers or devices.

Example:
If your Raspberry Pi is syncing from time.google.com (a stratum 1 server), your device becomes a stratum 2 client.

What Is an Atomic Clock?

An atomic clock is the most precise timekeeping device available. It uses the natural oscillations of atoms—commonly cesium-133 or rubidium—as a reference.

Key Characteristics:

• Accuracy: Can measure time with precision better than 1 second in millions of years.
• Stability: Remains extremely consistent over long periods.
• Use Cases: GPS satellites, NTP stratum 0 devices, scientific labs, telecom networks.

The international definition of one second is based on the radiation cycles of cesium-133:
9,192,631,770 transitions = 1 second

How GPS Provides Accurate Time

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is not just for navigation—it’s also a precise time distribution network. Each GPS satellite contains multiple atomic clocks. When your GPS receiver locks onto satellites, it can:

• Determine location using trilateration
• Calculate the exact time from satellite signals

GPS Time vs UTC:

• GPS time started in 1980 and does not account for leap seconds, unlike UTC.
• GPS receivers convert GPS time to UTC using data in the satellite’s almanac.

For time servers, GPS receivers act as Stratum 0 sources, making GPS-based NTP servers (Stratum 1) popular for time-critical systems.

Real-World Applications

When Accuracy Matters

A tiny time drift can cause:

• Log mismatch in security systems
• Transaction failures in banking
• Packet loss or desync in VoIP and online gaming
• Routing issues in network infrastructure

Thus, reliable NTP configuration, ideally syncing from multiple stratum 1 servers or running your own GPS-based server, is best practice for critical systems.

Summary

Together, atomic clocks, GPS, and NTP form a robust global timekeeping system that powers everything from Google’s servers to battlefield operations and your APRS messages.

Build Your Own Stratum 1 NTP Server (Raspberry Pi + GPS + Chrony)

Creating your own Stratum 1 NTP server is a rewarding project, especially for ham radio operators, makers, and sysadmins who want reliable, low-latency timekeeping without relying on the internet.

What You Need:

• Raspberry Pi (any model with GPIO, preferably Pi 3/4/5)
• GPS module with PPS (Pulse Per Second) output (e.g. u-blox NEO-6M or NEO-M8N)
• Serial connection to GPS (UART)
• Internet for installation (optional afterward)
• Linux with chrony, gpsd, and PPS support

Step 1: Hardware Setup

1. Connect the GPS module:
   • TX (GPS) to GPIO 15 (RXD) on the Pi
   • PPS pin to GPIO 18 (Pin 12)
   • VCC and GND appropriately
2. Enable UART and PPS on the Pi: sudo raspi-config
   • Interface Options → Enable Serial (disable console over serial, enable hardware UART)
   • Reboot when prompted.

Step 2: Install Required Packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gpsd gpsd-clients chrony pps-tools

Step 3: Enable and Test PPS

1. Add the PPS overlay:

Edit /boot/config.txt and add:

dtoverlay=pps-gpio,gpiopin=18

2. Reboot:

sudo reboot

3. Check if /dev/pps0 appears:

ls -l /dev/pps*

4. Test PPS signal:

sudo ppstest /dev/pps0

You should see output like:

source 0 - assert 1716165796.000000000, sequence: 1234 - clear 1716165796.000001234

Step 4: Configure GPSD

Edit /etc/default/gpsd:

START_DAEMON="true"
DEVICES="/dev/serial0"
GPSD_OPTIONS="-n"

Restart the service:

sudo systemctl restart gpsd

Verify:

cgps -s

You should see satellite data and GPS time.

Step 5: Configure Chrony for GPS + PPS

Edit /etc/chrony/chrony.conf and add these lines at the top:

refclock SHM 0 offset 0.5 delay 0.2 refid GPS
refclock PPS /dev/pps0 refid PPS lock GPS

Also, comment out any existing pool or server lines if you want it to be completely standalone.

Restart Chrony:

sudo systemctl restart chrony

Step 6: Verify Chrony Status

chronyc sources -v

You should see entries like:

#x  Name/IP address            Stratum  Poll Reach  LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
#?  GPS                          0       4   377     10     -4ns[  +23ns] +/- 30us
#*  PPS                          0       4   377     9      -1ns[   -5ns] +/- 0.1us

The * next to PPS indicates it’s the preferred source.

🖧 Optional: Share NTP on Your Network

Edit /etc/chrony/chrony.conf to allow LAN clients:

allow 192.168.1.0/24

Replace with your local subnet. Restart Chrony to apply.

This allows you to sync your entire home lab or shack with millisecond precision without depending on the internet.

The post Understanding Network Time Protocol (NTP), Atomic Clocks, and GPS: How Precise Timekeeping Powers the Modern World appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Software-defined radio (SDR) enthusiasts and amateur radio operators seeking an affordable yet powerful solution will find the Radioberry an exciting project to explore. Designed as a Raspberry Pi HAT, the Radioberry transforms a Raspberry Pi into a fully functional SDR transceiver, making it an excellent choice for radio experimentation and communication.

What is Radioberry?

The Radioberry is an open-source SDR transceiver designed to cover the 0-30 MHz frequency range. It leverages an Analog Devices AD9866 chipset, originally intended as a broadband modem mixed signal front-end, repurposed for Direct Down Conversion (DDC) and Direct Up Conversion (DUC) functionality. This design enables high-performance SDR capabilities with a 12-bit resolution, making it ideal for amateur radio and other radio-related applications.

At the core of the Radioberry is an Intel Cyclone 10LP FPGA, which supports 10CL16 and 10CL25 models. The FPGA firmware is dynamically loaded via the Raspberry Pi, providing a streamlined and flexible setup without the need for external programming hardware. The power supply for the Radioberry is conveniently drawn from the Raspberry Pi, simplifying the overall design and integration.

Why Choose Radioberry?

Radioberry stands out as a compelling choice for SDR enthusiasts due to its:

• Compact form factor: Seamlessly integrates with Raspberry Pi.
• Open-source philosophy: Both hardware and software are freely available.
• Cost-effective design: A budget-friendly alternative to commercial SDR solutions.
• Flexibility: Supports various modes and can be customized to meet specific needs.

Radioberry 2.x – Enhanced Performance & Features

The Radioberry 2.x builds on the original design, offering improved performance and additional features. Enthusiasts can find comprehensive details, including schematics, installation guides, and firmware updates, in the resources below.

Resources for Builders

For those interested in building their own Radioberry SDR transceiver, here are some valuable resources:

• Discussion & Community Support: Google Groups discussion forum
• Source Code & Firmware: Radioberry GitHub Repository
• Technical Documentation: Radioberry WIKI with additional information
• Installation & Setup Guide: Radioberry Releases for easy installation
• Hardware Design: Radioberry Schematic
• Real-World Applications: Radioberry transceiver insights by Gopan VU2XTO
• User Demonstrations: Recording of Radioberry 2 in action by Jacinto CU2ED

A Project for Radio Enthusiasts

The Radioberry is more than just a radio project—it’s a testament to the power of open-source collaboration and the ingenuity of the amateur radio community. This project is not for sale but rather an open-source initiative to empower builders and experimenters worldwide.

For those looking to dive into SDR development, experiment with amateur radio, or explore FPGA-based radio solutions, the Radioberry is a fantastic place to start.

Visit https://www.pa3gsb.nl/

The post Radioberry: A Raspberry Pi-Based SDR Transceiver appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

In today’s interconnected world, wireless networks have become a critical part of our infrastructure. However, this ubiquity also creates security vulnerabilities that can be exploited. Understanding these vulnerabilities is essential for developing robust security measures. Let’s explore how a Raspberry Pi can be transformed into a wireless network security tool.

What is Wi-Fi Jamming?

Wi-Fi jamming is a technique that disrupts wireless networks by sending deauthentication packets to clients and access points. While this might sound malicious, it has legitimate applications in security testing, network management, and law enforcement.

The Raspberry Pi Advantage

The Raspberry Pi is an ideal platform for network security tools due to its:

• Low cost and high portability
• Open hardware architecture
• Flexibility through its System on a Chip (SoC) design
• Compatibility with various wireless adapters

How the Jamming Process Works

The process involves several technical steps:

1. Interface Selection: The system identifies the most powerful wireless interface and enables monitor mode.
2. Channel Hopping: It sequentially scans channels 1-11, spending about 1 second on each to identify access points and connected clients.
3. Deauthentication: After identifying targets, the system sends deauthentication packets that force clients to disconnect from their access points.
4. Targeted Jamming: The tool can be configured to target specific devices or all devices connected to a particular access point.

Applications in Security

This type of tool has several legitimate uses:

• Law Enforcement: Originally developed for law enforcement to interrupt criminal communications
• Security Testing: Organizations can test their network resilience against deauthentication attacks
• Network Management: Institutions can control which devices connect to their networks
• Emergency Situations: Can be used to prevent remote triggering of explosive devices

Creating a Captive Portal

Beyond jamming, a Raspberry Pi can also be configured to create a captive portal – a landing page that appears when users connect to a network. This has applications in:

• User authentication
• Displaying network terms of service
• Controlled internet access
• Marketing and advertisements

Ethical Considerations

It’s crucial to note that unauthorized network disruption is illegal in most jurisdictions. These tools should only be used:

• On networks you own or have permission to test
• For legitimate security testing purposes
• In accordance with local laws and regulations
• With proper authorization from relevant authorities

Technical Implementation

The implementation involves several components:

• Aircrack-ng: A suite of tools for wireless network assessment
• Nodogsplash: Software for creating and managing captive portals
• Python: For scripting the core functionality

The system can be further enhanced with features like bandwidth control, domain restrictions, and packet filtering to create a comprehensive network management solution.

Conclusion

Wi-Fi jamming using Raspberry Pi represents a powerful tool for understanding and securing wireless networks. While its capabilities could be misused, its primary value lies in helping network administrators identify vulnerabilities and improve security posture. As IoT devices continue to proliferate, with estimates suggesting 30 billion connected objects by 2020, understanding these network security principles becomes increasingly important.

Remember, the goal of security research is always to build more robust systems, not to compromise legitimate networks.

https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-118-22/articles/22b/32.pdf

The post Wi-Fi Jamming Using Raspberry Pi: Security Tools for Network Protection appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Software-defined radio (SDR) has transformed how we interact with radio signals, and SDRBerry aims to push this transformation further. SDRBerry is an ongoing project designed to integrate an SDR transceiver with a Raspberry Pi, leveraging the power of LVGL v8 for a modern GUI experience. While still in development, this project offers a unique learning opportunity in C++ programming, Liquid DSP, and GUI design.

Project Overview

SDRBerry is built with the goal of supporting various SDR devices, including:

• Adalm Pluto SDR
• Radioberry
• RTL-SDR
• SDRPlay
• Other SDR receivers via SoapySDR

The system also aims to integrate optical encoders, I2C/serial-controlled bandpass filters, and an ESP32-based CAT controller for additional hardware control.

Installation Guide

To install SDRBerry, follow these steps:

1. Set up Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit Bullseye) in CLI mode.
2. Use Raspberry Pi Imager to create a bootable SD card or USB stick (USB storage is preferred for longevity).
3. Configure Wi-Fi and enable I2C using raspi-config.
4. Compile the software using VisualGDB, CMake, GCC, and GFortran.
5. Enable remote control with framebuffer VNC using framebuffer-vncserver.

A full installation guide is available in install_guide.txt, and an installation script (install.sh) automates the process.

Hardware Requirements

• Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
• 5-inch or 7-inch 800×480 touchscreen (DSI connector recommended)
• USB storage device (e.g., Samsung Fit Plus 32GB or larger)
• Generic USB audio adapter

Features and Development Progress

Completed Features:

Adalm Pluto, RTL-SDR, SDRPlay, Radioberry, and HackRF support
FM broadband and narrowband reception
SSB transmission and reception
USB CAT interface support (e.g., ESP32 as a CAT controller)
I2C filter support with PCF8574
Noise reduction (ported from DD4WH’s implementation)
Morse code decoder
FT8 transmission and reception
Web-based remote control via Vue.js 3 and PrimeVue UI (experimental)

Upcoming Features:

• MIDI controller support
• Direct optical encoder support via GPIO
• Network and Wi-Fi setup screen
• Additional noise reduction algorithms (e.g., LMS filtering)
• Codec2 implementation for FreeDV digital voice

Installation of Dependencies

SDRBerry relies on several open-source libraries, including:

• Liquid-DSP (Joseph D. Gaeddert)
• Alsa Audio
• SoapySDR and SoapyPlutoSDR
• FFTW (Fast Fourier Transform)
• CivetWeb (embedded web server)
• nlohmann-json (JSON library for C++)

To install and compile the software, use:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulh002/sdrberry/master/install/install.sh
chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh HFB DSI

For Raspberry Pi Touch 2 with Radioberry:

./install.sh RDB T2

Running SDRBerry

To start SDRBerry in user mode or root mode (depending on the SDR device used):

sudo sdrberry > sdrberry.log 2>&1

Mouse support is included, with optimized responsiveness via usbhid.mousepoll=2 in cmdline.txt.

Web-Based Control

SDRBerry introduces an experimental web-based remote control on port 8081. The interface, built using Vue.js 3 and PrimeVue UI, allows users to control SDRBerry remotely. The source code will be available in a separate repository.

To access the web interface:

http://raspberry_pi_ip:8081

Conclusion

SDRBerry is an exciting open-source SDR project that integrates Raspberry Pi, LVGL GUI, and SDR technologies. While still in active development, the project offers a strong foundation for experimenting with software-defined radio on a compact and affordable platform.

For more details and the latest updates, visit the SDRBerry GitHub repository:
https://github.com/paulh002/sdrberry

The post Exploring SDRBerry: A Raspberry Pi-Based SDR Transceiver with LVGL GUI appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

If you have spent time setting up a Raspberry Pi with your preferred applications, configurations, and settings, it makes sense to create a backup of your SD card. This is especially useful if you need to deploy the same setup to multiple Raspberry Pi devices or if you want a quick way to restore your system in case of failure.

By creating an image of your pre-configured Raspbian SD card, you can easily clone it onto other SD cards, saving time and effort. This guide will walk you through the process of making a full backup of your SD card and restoring it when needed.

Prerequisites

Before you begin, make sure you have:

• A Linux system (or a computer with a Linux-based OS like Debian, Ubuntu, or Raspberry Pi OS).
• A properly set up Raspberry Pi SD card that you want to clone.
• A second SD card for cloning.
• An SD card reader.

Step 1: Identify the SD Card Device

First, insert your Raspberry Pi SD card into your computer and identify its device name using the following command:

lsblk

You should see a list of storage devices. Look for the one corresponding to your SD card (e.g., /dev/mmcblk0 or /dev/sdb).

Important: Ensure you select the correct device, as using the wrong one may overwrite your system disk!

Step 2: Create an Image of the SD Card

Once you’ve identified the SD card, create an image file using the dd command:

sudo dd if=/dev/sdX of=~/raspbian_backup.img bs=4M status=progress

Replace /dev/sdX with your actual SD card device (e.g., /dev/mmcblk0). This command copies the entire SD card into a single .img file.

Step 3: Compress the Image (Optional)

Since SD card images can be large, you may want to compress them to save space:

xz -z -9 ~/raspbian_backup.img

This will create raspbian_backup.img.xz, which takes up significantly less space.

Step 4: Restore the Image to Another SD Card

To clone the image onto another SD card, insert a new SD card and use the following command:

sudo dd if=~/raspbian_backup.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress

If you compressed the image, use:

xzcat ~/raspbian_backup.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress

Again, replace /dev/sdX with the correct device name.

Step 5: Expand the Filesystem (If Needed)

If the new SD card has more storage than the original, you may need to expand the filesystem to use the full capacity. Boot up the Raspberry Pi and run:

sudo raspi-config

Then go to Advanced Options > Expand Filesystem, and reboot when prompted.

By following these steps, you can easily back up and clone your Raspbian setup, ensuring you never lose your custom configurations. This method is perfect for setting up multiple Raspberry Pi devices quickly or having a ready-to-use backup for future use.

Whether you’re a developer, system administrator, or Raspberry Pi hobbyist, creating SD card images will save you time and effort in managing your devices.

The post How to Clone and Backup Your Raspbian SD Card for Easy Deployment appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Are you looking for the ultimate digital radio cross patch to enhance your amateur radio experience? The Nexus DR-X, also known as DigiLink, is the Swiss Army Knife of digital radio connections. Whether you’re running Packet Radio with Direwolf, decoding signals with WSJT-X, or experimenting with Fldigi, the DR-X provides a seamless connection between your Raspberry Pi and nearly any transceiver.

Seamless Connectivity

The Nexus DR-X offers multiple connection options, making it incredibly versatile for different setups. With two audio jacks for TX and RX audio and four connection types, you can easily integrate the DR-X with a wide range of radios:

• RJ-45 with a 16-pin jumper header – Compatible with popular sound card interfaces.
• TRRS jack – Connects with off-the-shelf cables for radios supporting mic, speaker, and PTT headsets.
• Two 6-pin Mini DIN connectors – Ideal for VHF/UHF and HF radios.

This flexibility ensures that no matter your setup, the DR-X has you covered.

Powerful and Easy to Use

The DR-X kit includes a fully assembled DC-DC buck converter, which takes 7-38V input and delivers a stable 5V output. This means you can power your entire setup, including the Raspberry Pi, sound card, and DR-X, with a single power source. The board also provides 5V and 3.3V output pins, giving you even more options for expansion.

To keep your system running accurately even when offline, the kit includes an RTC module, ensuring that your Raspberry Pi maintains accurate time without an internet connection.

Run Two Radios Simultaneously

One of the standout features of the Nexus DR-X is its ability to support two radios at once. With the provided Buster Raspberry Pi image, you can operate multiple digital modes simultaneously. Imagine running FT-8 on HF while simultaneously using FSQ on VHF, or running Direwolf for APRS while decoding MT-63 on another band. The possibilities are endless!

Perfect for Clubs and Group Builds

Looking for a fantastic project for your amateur radio club? The DR-X kit is designed for group builds, making it an excellent choice for club activities. When ordering five or more kits, you receive an extra contingency kit for spare parts. If any components are misplaced during assembly, you can use the extra parts, and the manufacturer will replace them (just cover the shipping). This ensures that your club ends up with an extra unit as a bonus!

Affordable and Accessible

The Nexus DR-X kit is priced at just $49, including shipping within the U.S. If you prefer to source your own components, you can purchase the PCB alone for $14. Bulk orders are also available upon request.

Due to high demand, all units in the current batch have been reserved. Secure your spot for the next batch by placing a reservation today!

Final Thoughts

If you’re a digital radio enthusiast looking for a reliable, flexible, and powerful cross patch for your setup, the Nexus DR-X is a game-changer. With its extensive connectivity options, dual-radio capability, and easy-to-use Raspberry Pi integration, it’s the perfect tool to take your amateur radio operations to the next level.

Visit https://wb7fhc.com/nexus-dr-x.html

The post Unlock the Power of Digital Radio with the Nexus DR-X (DigiLink) appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

What is DragonOS?

DragonOS is a specialized Linux distribution designed for SDR enthusiasts, built on Lubuntu and packed with pre-installed open-source SDR software. Developed by Cema Xecuter, DragonOS aims to be for SDR what Kali Linux is for penetration testing—a comprehensive, plug-and-play environment that eliminates the hassle of setting up and configuring software from scratch.

With DragonOS, you no longer have to struggle with software dependencies, installation conflicts, or configuration headaches. Just boot it up, and you’re ready to explore the airwaves!

Why is DragonOS a Game-Changer for Amateur Radio Operators?

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, has long been a playground for innovation. From emergency communications to satellite operations and digital modes, amateur radio operators are always at the cutting edge of wireless experimentation. DragonOS simplifies access to powerful SDR tools, allowing hams to:

• Monitor and Decode Signals – DragonOS supports tools like GQRX, SDR++, and CubicSDR, making it easy to listen to and analyze radio signals across various bands.
• Operate Digital Modes – With applications like WSJT-X, FLDigi, and Direwolf, you can engage in weak-signal communication, packet radio, and APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) right out of the box.
• Track and Communicate with Satellites – Use GPredict and SatNOGS to track amateur satellites and receive telemetry data.
• Experiment with RF Security – Tools such as GNU Radio, RTL_433, and HackRF utilities allow you to analyze and experiment with various wireless protocols.
• Set Up an APRS iGate or Repeater – With Direwolf and other tools, you can configure your system to receive and relay APRS packets to the global APRS-IS network.
• Decode Weather Satellites – With software like SatDump and WXtoIMG, you can receive real-time images from NOAA and Meteor satellites.

Supported SDR Hardware

DragonOS comes with built-in support for a variety of SDR devices, ensuring seamless compatibility with:

• RTL-SDR (one of the most affordable SDR receivers)
• HackRF One
• LimeSDR
• BladeRF
• Ettus USRP
• SDRPlay
• PlutoSDR
• Yardstick One
• Ubertooth
• And more!

Versatility and Ease of Use

DragonOS is designed to be flexible and user-friendly. You can run it as:

• A Live Bootable OS – Test it without installing anything.
• A Dual-Boot System – Install alongside Windows, macOS, or another Linux distribution.
• A Virtual Machine – Run it in VirtualBox or VMware for testing and development.

The pre-installed SDR tools are organized for convenience, so users of all experience levels can quickly get started. Whether you’re setting up a field station, testing antennas, or analyzing signals from the comfort of your shack, DragonOS makes it effortless.

Getting Started with DragonOS

Ready to dive into the world of SDR? Download DragonOS and follow the setup instructions at Cema Xecuter’s official website. The active community and ongoing development ensure that DragonOS remains cutting-edge, making it the go-to platform for SDR enthusiasts worldwide.

Embrace the future of radio with DragonOS—where software meets spectrum!

The post Unleashing the Power of Software Defined Radio with DragonOS appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

FreeTAKServer (FTS) is a Python3-based implementation of a TAK server designed to support situational awareness, data synchronization, mission planning, and more. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the easiest installation methods for FTS using DigitalOcean (cloud) and Raspberry Pi 4.

1. Installing FTS on DigitalOcean (Cloud)

Prerequisites:

• Create a DigitalOcean account and set up a droplet with Ubuntu 22.04 as the OS.

Installation Steps:

1. Create the Droplet:
   • In your DigitalOcean dashboard, create a new droplet. Choose Ubuntu 22.04 as the operating system.
2. Access Your Droplet:
   • Once your droplet is created, access it via SSH. Replace <your_droplet_ip> with your droplet’s IP address: ssh root@<your_droplet_ip>
3. Run the Installation Script:
   • Once logged in, execute the following command to download and run the FTS installation script: wget -qO - bit.ly/freetakhub2 | sudo bash
4. Complete the Installation:
   • The script will automatically handle the setup. Wait for it to complete, and FTS will be up and running on your droplet.
5. Access the Web Interface:
   • Once installed, you can access the FTS web administration interface by opening a browser and navigating to: http://<your_droplet_ip>:8080
   • Login with the default credentials (you may want to change them after installation).

2. Installing FTS on Raspberry Pi 4 (Single Board Computer)

Prerequisites:

• A Raspberry Pi 4 with Ubuntu 22.04 server x64 installed on an SD card.

Installation Steps:

1. Prepare Your Raspberry Pi:
   • Flash the Ubuntu 22.04 server x64 image to an SD card using a tool like Raspberry Pi Imager or Balena Etcher.
   • Insert the SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4, power it on, and connect to your network.
2. Identify the IP Address:
   • Once the Raspberry Pi is booted up, identify its IP address. You can use a tool like ifconfig or find it via your router’s admin page.
3. Set the Environment Variable:
   • Open a terminal on the Raspberry Pi and set the IP address environment variable: export MY_IPA=<your_raspberry_pi_ip_address>
4. Run the Installation Script:
   • Execute the installation command: wget -qO - bit.ly/freetakhub2 | sudo bash -s -- --ip-addr ${MY_IPA}
5. Complete the Installation:
   • The script will handle the installation process. After the script completes, your Raspberry Pi will be ready to run FTS.
6. Access the Web Interface:
   • On a browser, visit the following URL: http://<your_raspberry_pi_ip>:8080
   • You should now be able to access the FTS web interface and begin configuring your server.

3. Other Installation Methods

If you’re using another platform or need more advanced configuration options, refer to the ZeroTouch Installer documentation to customize the installation process based on your specific needs. You can find more details on this in the ZeroTouch Installer documentation.

4. Accessing the FTS Web Interface

After installation, you can access the FTS web interface by navigating to http://<server_ip>:8080 in a browser. The web interface allows you to:

• Manage users and devices
• Upload and retrieve data packages
• Configure mission planning and task lists

5. Federation and Advanced Configuration

FTS supports federation services, allowing you to connect multiple FTS instances. If you’re planning to federate your server with others, follow the steps in the Federation Service documentation.

Conclusion

Installing FreeTAKServer is straightforward, whether you’re deploying it on a cloud instance like DigitalOcean or a local Raspberry Pi 4. With its robust feature set for situational awareness, FTS provides powerful tools for managing operations and tasks in real-time. Follow the steps in this guide to get started, and explore the additional resources available on the FreeTAKServer documentation page.

If you encounter any issues, feel free to reach out to the FreeTAKTeam via their Discord server or visit their YouTube channel for tutorials and more!

The post How to Install FreeTAKServer (FTS) for Situational Awareness appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) is a digital communications system used by amateur radio operators for local tactical communications and position tracking. An iGate (internet gateway) receives these radio packets and relays them to the internet, contributing valuable data to the global APRS network.

This guide, originally developed by KM6LYW, demonstrates how to build a receive-only APRS iGate using affordable components. For just $99, one can create a system that displays real-time APRS traffic including text messages, weather reports, beacons, positions, and object information.

Why Build an APRS iGate?

1. The APRS network benefits from more iGates to improve coverage
2. It’s an educational project combining radio, computing, and networking
3. Visualizing local APRS traffic in real-time is informative
4. It’s an affordable entry point into digital amateur radio

Parts List ($99 Total)

• $18 – Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W with headers (Adafruit)
• $4 – USB adapter cable (Amazon)
• $31 – RTL-SDR software defined radio (Amazon)
• $32 – Roll-up antenna (eBay)
• $14 – LCD Display (Amazon)

Software Installation

Update the Raspberry Pi and install the necessary packages:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install direwolf rtl-sdr git python3-pip fonts-dejavu python3-pil python3-pyinotify python3-numpy
sudo pip3 install --break-system-packages adafruit-circuitpython-rgb-display
sudo pip3 install --break-system-packages aprslib
git clone https://github.com/craigerl/direwatch...

Configuration

1. Enable SPI by editing the configuration file:

sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt
# Uncomment the spi line:
# dtparam=spi=on

2. Reboot the Raspberry Pi to apply the changes.
3. Create a Direwolf configuration file:

sudo nano direwolf.conf

4. Add the following configuration, replacing NOCALL with your amateur radio callsign and updating your GPS coordinates:

MYCALL NOCALL
IGSERVER noam.aprs2.net
IGLOGIN NOCALL 12345
PBEACON sendto=IG compress=1 delay=00:15 every=30:00 symbol="igate" overlay=X lat=39.911 long=-122.935 comment="Direwatch Rx-only igate"
AGWPORT 8000
KISSPORT 8001
ADEVICE null

Launching the iGate

Navigate to the direwatch directory and run the following commands:

cd direwatch
rtl_fm -s 22050 -g 49 -f 144.39M 2> /dev/null | direwolf -t 0 -r 22050 - > direwolf.log &
./direwatch.py -o -l direwolf.log -t "APRS"

Note: The standard APRS frequency in North America is 144.39MHz. This frequency may need to be adjusted depending on region.

What’s Happening?

1. The RTL-SDR receives radio signals on the APRS frequency
2. Direwolf decodes the APRS packets and logs them
3. The direwatch script displays the decoded information on the LCD screen
4. Packets are simultaneously relayed to the APRS-IS network via the internet

This iGate is now operational, contributing to the global APRS network while providing a real-time display of local APRS traffic.

Final Notes

This project, designed by KM6LYW, serves as an introduction to digital amateur radio and the APRS ecosystem. Building more iGates improves the network for everyone, and the visual feedback makes it an engaging project even for beginners.

For more detailed instructions and additional configuration options, visit the Direwatch GitHub repository.

(Note: An amateur radio license is required to legally transmit on these frequencies)

The post Building a $99 APRS Packet iGate in Under 10 Minutes appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

In the world of amateur radio, efficient data storage and management are essential for various applications, including logging contacts, storing SDR recordings, and managing DXpedition logs. A Network Attached Storage (NAS) system provides a centralized solution for storing, accessing, and sharing data across multiple devices. In this blog post, we’ll explore the best open-source NAS solutions and how they can benefit amateur radio operators.

Why Amateur Radio Operators Need a NAS?

A NAS system can serve multiple purposes in the amateur radio community, including:

• DXpedition Log Storage: Securely store logs from remote operations and enable real-time syncing with cloud services.
• SDR Recordings: Save and manage large SDR (Software-Defined Radio) recordings without cluttering your main workstation.
• Call Sign Database Management: Store and retrieve updated call sign databases.
• Software & Firmware Repository: Maintain a repository of amateur radio software, firmware updates, and digital mode configurations.
• Remote Data Access: Access important radio logs and settings from anywhere in the world.
• Collaboration and Data Sharing: Share logs and resources with other operators and radio clubs.

By setting up an open-source NAS, you gain flexibility, security, and cost-effectiveness compared to proprietary cloud solutions.

Best Open-Source NAS Solutions

Here are some of the best open-source NAS solutions suitable for amateur radio operators:

1. TrueNAS (formerly FreeNAS)

• Based on: FreeBSD
• Features: ZFS file system, snapshots, data encryption, cloud sync, and RAID support.
• Why it’s great for hams: Reliable for storing large SDR files and DXpedition logs with built-in redundancy.

2. OpenMediaVault

• Based on: Debian Linux
• Features: Web-based UI, plugin support, NFS/Samba sharing, and RAID support.
• Why it’s great for hams: Easy to set up on Raspberry Pi for a lightweight logging storage solution.

3. Rockstor

• Based on: CentOS (migrating to OpenSUSE)
• Features: Btrfs file system, replication, and snapshot support.
• Why it’s great for hams: High resilience and data protection, perfect for SDR recordings and long-term storage.

4. XigmaNAS

• Based on: FreeBSD
• Features: ZFS, remote access, encryption, and RAID support.
• Why it’s great for hams: Supports running services like logging servers and backup utilities.

5. Nextcloud (with NAS Integration)

• Based on: Linux/PHP
• Features: Cloud-based file sharing with NAS integration.
• Why it’s great for hams: Ideal for remote access to DXpedition logs and sharing with team members.

Building Your Own NAS for Amateur Radio

1. Hardware Requirements

You don’t need an expensive setup to build an efficient NAS. Here are some hardware options:

• Low-power NAS: Raspberry Pi 4 with external USB storage (ideal for small-scale logs and personal use).
• Mid-range NAS: An old PC with at least 4GB RAM and multiple hard drives.
• High-end NAS: A custom-built server with multiple drive bays and RAID support.

2. Installing an Open-Source NAS OS

1. Download the ISO: Choose one of the NAS distributions listed above.
2. Create a Bootable USB: Use tools like Rufus (Windows) or dd (Linux/macOS) to create a bootable USB drive.
3. Boot & Install: Insert the USB into your NAS machine, boot from USB, and follow the installation wizard.
4. Configure Storage: Set up RAID, ZFS, or Btrfs as needed.
5. Enable File Sharing: Configure SMB, NFS, or FTP for accessing data.
6. Set Up Remote Access: Enable VPN, SSH, or Nextcloud integration.

3. Configuring NAS for Amateur Radio Use

• Logging & Backup: Sync logging software (like N1MM or WSJT-X) to the NAS for automatic backups.
• DXpedition File Sharing: Use Nextcloud to share logs with remote team members.
• SDR Storage: Save large IQ recordings for post-processing.
• Weather & APRS Data Storage: Store weather and APRS logs for analysis.

Final Thoughts

A NAS is a valuable tool for amateur radio operators, providing secure storage for DXpedition logs, SDR recordings, and digital mode settings. By leveraging open-source NAS solutions like TrueNAS, OpenMediaVault, or Nextcloud, you can build a powerful and cost-effective storage system tailored to your radio operations.

Whether you’re a casual radio hobbyist or an expedition leader logging thousands of contacts, a well-configured NAS can improve efficiency, enhance data security, and facilitate collaboration. With some basic hardware and open-source software, you can create a flexible and scalable storage system that serves your radio adventures for years to come.

Do you already use a NAS for your amateur radio activities? Share your setup in the comments below!

The post The Best Open-Source NAS Solutions for Amateur Radio Enthusiasts appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Allmon2 is a web-based interface designed for managing AllStarLink nodes, providing an intuitive way to monitor and control repeater systems remotely. It allows amateur radio operators to check node status, make connections, and perform administrative tasks efficiently. This guide covers the installation and configuration of Allmon2 on your AllStarLink node.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding with the installation, ensure that your system has the required components:

• Apache or Lighttpd (for hosting the web interface)
• PHP
• Git

If these are not already installed, refer to the official documentation for the latest installation instructions.

Step-by-Step Installation Guide

1. Log in to Your Node

Access your AllStarLink node as the ‘repeater’ user. You can do this via SSH or by directly connecting a keyboard and monitor.

ssh repeater@your-node-ip

2. Install Git and Clone Allmon2 Repository

Run the following commands to install Git and download Allmon2 to the web directory:

sudo apt install git -y
sudo git clone https://github.com/AllStarLink/AllMon2.git /var/www/html/allmon2

3. Configure Allmon2 Files

Change to the Allmon2 directory and rename configuration files:

cd /var/www/html/allmon2
sudo mv allmon.ini.txt allmon.ini.php
sudo mv controlpanel.ini.txt controlpanel.ini.php

4. Edit the Configuration File

Modify the Allmon2 configuration to match your node settings:

sudo nano allmon.ini.php

Update the following fields:

• Replace [500] with your actual node number.
• Set host=127.0.0.1:5038.
• Update passwd=yourpassword (Check /etc/asterisk/manager.conf for the correct password).
• Change menu=yes if you want a menu interface.

Save the changes by pressing <CTRL> + X, then Y, and <Enter>.

Example configuration:

[1234]
system=MySites
host=127.0.0.1
user=admin
passwd=yourpassword
nomenu=yes

[1234 My Node]
system=MySites
nodes=1234

Enabling Buttons and Control Panel

To set up authentication for the web interface, create a password for the admin user:

cd /var/www/html/allmon2
htpasswd -cB .htpasswd admin
chmod 777 astdb.php

Note: Avoid using an exclamation mark in the password, as it may cause issues.

Database Setup

You need to create and update the database file manually:

cd /var/www/html/allmon2
sudo ./astdb.php

To keep the database updated, schedule a cron job to run the above command daily.

Testing and Using Allmon2

Once the installation is complete, access Allmon2 via your web browser:

http://192.168.x.x/allmon2

Log in with:

• Username: admin
• Password: The one you set using htpasswd (default is llcgi).

Lighttpd Configuration (Optional)

If you’re using Lighttpd instead of Apache, you need to modify its configuration. Edit /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf and add:

server.stream-response-body = 2

Restart Lighttpd for changes to take effect:

sudo systemctl restart lighttpd

Final Thoughts

With Allmon2 installed and configured, you now have a powerful tool to manage your AllStarLink node efficiently. It provides real-time monitoring and control capabilities, making node administration seamless for amateur radio operators. Stay updated with the latest releases and improvements by checking the AllStarLink GitHub repository.

Happy operating and 73!

The post Installing Allmon2 for AllStarLink Node appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

The Evolution of a Tech Phenomenon

When the Raspberry Pi Foundation first introduced their single-board computer in 2012, few could have imagined the technological revolution they were about to unleash. What began as an educational initiative to teach basic computer science has transformed into a global phenomenon that has empowered millions of makers, students, engineers, and innovators worldwide.

Now, with the Raspberry Pi 5, the foundation has once again redefined the boundaries of what a compact, affordable computer can achieve.

The Genesis of Innovation

The Raspberry Pi story is more than just a technological narrative—it’s a testament to the power of democratizing technology. Developed in the United Kingdom with a mission to make computing accessible to everyone, these tiny computers have found their way into classrooms, research labs, industrial systems, and hobbyist workshops across the globe.

From Education to Industry 4.0

Initially designed to introduce young people to computer programming, Raspberry Pi has transcended its original purpose. Today, it plays a crucial role in:

• Educational technology
• Industrial automation
• Internet of Things (IoT) projects
• Scientific research
• Embedded systems development
• Robotics and automation

Unpacking the Raspberry Pi 5: A Technical Marvel

Processing Power That Packs a Punch

The heart of the Raspberry Pi 5 is its remarkable Broadcom BCM2712 processor—a 64-bit ARM Cortex-A76 powerhouse that represents a quantum leap in performance:

Specification

• Broadcom BCM2712 2.4GHz quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76 CPU, with cryptography extensions, 512KB per-core L2 caches and a 2MB shared L3 cache
• VideoCore VII GPU, supporting OpenGL ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.2
• Dual 4Kp60 HDMI® display output with HDR support
• 4Kp60 HEVC decoder
• LPDDR4X-4267 SDRAM (2GB, 4GB, 8GB, and 16GB)
• Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi®
• Bluetooth 5.0 / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
• microSD card slot, with support for high-speed SDR104 mode
• 2 × USB 3.0 ports, supporting simultaneous 5Gbps operation
• 2 × USB 2.0 ports
• Gigabit Ethernet, with PoE+ support (requires separate PoE+ HAT)
• 2 × 4-lane MIPI camera/display transceivers
• PCIe 2.0 x1 interface for fast peripherals (requires separate M.2 HAT or other adapter)
• 5V/5A DC power via USB-C, with Power Delivery support
• Raspberry Pi standard 40-pin header
• Real-time clock (RTC), powered from external battery
• Power button

The processor is complemented by a metal body that ensures superior heat dissipation, addressing one of the key challenges in compact computing.

Graphics and Display Capabilities

The VideoCore VII GPU is another standout feature:

• Clocked at 800MHz
• Supports OpenGL ES 3.1
• Vulkan 1.2 compatibility
• Dual micro-HDMI ports
• True 2x 4Kp60 display support with HDR
• 4Kp60 HEVC decoder

This makes the Raspberry Pi 5 a powerhouse for multimedia applications, digital signage, and graphic-intensive projects.

Connectivity: Breaking Barriers

Ports and Interfaces

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a connectivity champion:

• USB Ports:
  • 2 x USB 3.0 (simultaneous 5Gbps transfer)
  • 2 x USB 2.0 for standard peripherals
• Network Connectivity:
  • Gigabit Ethernet
  • 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n/ac)
  • Bluetooth 5.0 and Bluetooth Low Energy

Innovative Expansion Options

A standout feature is the PCIe 2.0 x1 interface, allowing connection of high-speed peripherals like NVMe SSDs. This transforms the Raspberry Pi from a simple single-board computer to a versatile computing platform.

Intelligent Design Features

Power Management and Convenience

The Raspberry Pi 5 introduces several user-friendly innovations:

• Dedicated Power Button: Safe shutdown and startup
• Real-Time Clock (RTC): Maintains precise time even when powered off
• Dedicated Fan Port: Intelligent thermal management
• Power Delivery Support: Up to 5V at 5A via USB-C
• Expandable 40-pin GPIO: Maintains backward compatibility

RAM Options for Every Need

Catering to diverse requirements, the Raspberry Pi 5 comes in multiple RAM configurations:

• 8GB: Ideal for memory-intensive applications
• 4GB: Perfect for media servers and complex projects
• 2GB: Economical option for beginners and light projects
• 1GB: Expected in late 2024

Operating System and Software Ecosystem

Important Note: The Raspberry Pi 5 exclusively supports the new Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm, marking a significant software update. This ensures optimized performance and access to the latest features.

Practical Applications

Diverse Use Cases

The Raspberry Pi 5 is not just a device—it’s a platform for innovation:

Education

• Programming education
• Computer science learning
• STEM curriculum support

Hobbyist Projects

• Home automation
• DIY electronics
• Personal servers
• Retro gaming consoles

Professional Applications

• Prototype development
• Edge computing
• IoT solutions
• Network monitoring
• Digital signage
• Industrial control systems

Amateur Radio: A Ham Radio Revolution

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a game-changer for amateur radio enthusiasts, offering unprecedented processing power and connectivity for radio projects. Here are some of the most exciting amateur radio applications:

1. Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Station The Raspberry Pi 5’s improved processing power makes it an ideal platform for SDR projects:

• Create a full-featured digital radio receiver
• Decode multiple digital modes simultaneously
• Monitor wide frequency ranges
• Process complex signal modulations

2. WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Reporter) Beacon

• Use the Raspberry Pi 5 to run WSPR beacon software
• Monitor radio wave propagation conditions
• Low-power digital mode transmission
• Global signal tracking and reporting

3. Digital Voice Modes

• Run digital voice mode software like:
  • DMR (Digital Mobile Radio)
  • D-STAR
  • System Fusion
• Process and decode complex digital voice protocols
• Create local and global communication networks

4. Satellite Communication The enhanced processing capabilities enable:

• Tracking satellite passes
• Doppler shift compensation
• Automated satellite communication
• Real-time signal processing for satellite communications

5. Packet Radio and Network Nodes

• Create APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) nodes
• Build mesh network communication systems
• Route amateur radio digital communications
• Low-power network infrastructure

6. Spectrum Analyzer

• Use SDR dongles to create advanced spectrum analyzers
• Real-time frequency spectrum monitoring
• Signal identification and analysis
• Interference detection and management

Recommended Hardware for Ham Radio Projects

• RTL-SDR USB Dongle
• HF Transceiver Interface
• Low-noise amplifiers
• Antenna switching modules
• USB Sound Card Interfaces

Essential Software for Ham Radio

• WSJT-X for weak signal modes
• SDR# (SDR Sharp)
• Direwolf for packet radio
• CHIRP for radio programming
• fldigi for digital modes

Unique Raspberry Pi 5 Advantages for Ham Radio

• Powerful processor for complex signal processing
• Low power consumption
• Compact form factor
• Extensive GPIO for custom interfacing
• Built-in networking capabilities
• Real-time clock for precise timing

The Raspberry Pi 5 is not just a computer—it’s a versatile platform that can transform amateur radio experimentation, making sophisticated communication projects more accessible than ever before.

Ecosystem and Accessories

Recommended Starter Kit

To maximize your Raspberry Pi 5 experience, consider:

• Official Raspberry Pi 5 case
• 27W USB-C Power Delivery adapter
• Official Raspberry Pi OS microSD card
• Heatsink and active cooler
• Micro HDMI to HDMI cables

Compatibility Considerations

While the Raspberry Pi 5 maintains broad compatibility, some considerations:

• Some Raspberry Pi 4 accessories may require replacement
• New case designs needed due to port repositioning
• Specific power supply recommendations

The Larger Impact

The Raspberry Pi 5 represents more than technological advancement—it’s a bridge to democratizing computing power. By creating an affordable, powerful, and versatile platform, the Raspberry Pi Foundation continues to inspire innovation across the globe.

Final Thoughts

From classrooms to cutting-edge research labs, from hobbyist workshops to industrial applications and amateur radio, the Raspberry Pi 5 stands as a testament to the power of accessible technology.

Are you ready to turn your boldest tech dreams into reality?

The future of computing isn’t just coming—it’s here, and it fits in the palm of your hand.

Disclaimer: Specifications and features are based on information available at the time of writing. Always consult the official Raspberry Pi documentation for the most current information.

The post Raspberry Pi 5: Revolutionizing Maker Technology – An Exploration appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

HamClock is a powerful tool designed for amateur radio operators, providing real-time propagation data, satellite tracking, and more. This guide will walk you through installing HamClock on various UNIX-like systems, including Raspberry Pi, macOS, Debian, Ubuntu, FreeBSD, and others. Whether you’re using HamClock for monitoring solar conditions, DX cluster spots, or tracking satellites, this step-by-step tutorial will help you get started.

Step 1: Install Required Dependencies

Before installing HamClock, ensure your system has the necessary dependencies installed. These dependencies vary by operating system:

For Raspberry Pi and Debian-based Systems:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install curl make g++ libx11-dev libgpiod-dev xdg-utils

For Ubuntu:

sudo apt install curl make g++ xorg-dev xdg-utils

For macOS:

First, install XQuartz and Xcode. Then, open “More developer tools” and install the command line tools. On macOS Sequoia, you may need to run:

xcode-select --install

For FreeBSD:

sudo pkg install gcc xorg gmake curl

Then, use gmake instead of make.

For NetBSD:

First, install pkgin, then run:

sudo pkgin install gmake curl

Use gmake instead of make.

For RedHat or Fedora:

sudo yum install gcc-c++ libX11-devel xdg-utils

For Alpine Linux:

setup-desktop
apk add g++ libx11-dev curl linux-headers

Step 2: Install HamClock

Once the dependencies are installed, proceed with downloading and installing HamClock. There are two methods depending on your operating system.

For Raspberry Pi (Automated Install):

cd
curl -O https://www.clearskyinstitute.com/ham/HamClock/install-hc-rpi
chmod u+x install-hc-rpi
./install-hc-rpi

Follow the prompts and answer y or n as needed. This script will automate the installation for you.

For Other UNIX-like Systems (Manual Install):

cd
rm -fr ESPHamClock
curl -O https://www.clearskyinstitute.com/ham/HamClock/ESPHamClock.zip
unzip ESPHamClock.zip
cd ESPHamClock
make -j 4 hamclock-800x480
sudo make install

This will install HamClock with a resolution of 800×480 pixels. If you need a different resolution, refer to Step 4.

Step 3: Run HamClock

After installation, you can start HamClock with the following command:

hamclock &

If everything is installed correctly, HamClock should open in a window displaying solar data, propagation info, and maps.

If you did not install a desktop icon, you can always launch HamClock from the terminal using the command above.

Step 4: Customize HamClock

HamClock supports different screen sizes. If you want to change the resolution, use the following commands:

cd ~/ESPHamClock
make clean
make -j 4 hamclock-2400x1440
sudo make install

Replace 2400x1440 with the desired resolution:

• hamclock-1600x960
• hamclock-2400x1440
• hamclock-3200x1920

If you want HamClock to fill the screen completely, navigate to Page 5 in the Setup menu and enable the full-screen option.

Step 5: Auto-start HamClock on Boot

To ensure HamClock starts automatically on system boot, you can create an autostart entry.

For XDG-compliant systems:

cd ~/ESPHamClock
mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart
cp hamclock.desktop ~/.config/autostart

For macOS (Create a Clickable App):

If you’re using macOS, you can create a clickable app on your Desktop:

cd ~/ESPHamClock
HCDIR=~/Desktop/HamClock.app
mkdir -p $HCDIR
echo '#!/bin/bash' > $HCDIR/HamClock
echo '/usr/local/bin/hamclock &' >> $HCDIR/HamClock
chmod u+x $HCDIR/HamClock

To assign a proper icon, follow these steps:

1. Open hamclock.png with Preview.
2. Click on the image.
3. Press ⌘-A to select the image, then ⌘-C to copy.
4. Right-click the new HamClock.app Desktop item and select Get Info.
5. Click the existing default icon in the top left corner.
6. Press ⌘-V to paste the new icon.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you’ll have HamClock running seamlessly for amateur radio use, helping you track propagation, monitor DX cluster spots, and track satellites. Whether you’re using a Raspberry Pi, macOS, or a UNIX-like system, HamClock is a great addition to any ham radio station. For more info, visit https://www.clearskyinstitute.com/ham/HamClock/

Enjoy using HamClock and 73!

The post Installing HamClock for Amateur Radio Use appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

The rtl8852cu Linux driver (version 1.19.2.1, updated as of May 10, 2024) supports USB WiFi adapters based on the RTL8832CU and RTL8852CU chipsets. While Realtek continues to develop this out-of-kernel driver, it is important to note that it is not fully compliant with Linux Wireless Standards. This makes it more suitable for specialized use cases, such as embedded systems, rather than general desktop or server environments.

For most users, adapters with in-kernel drivers are recommended due to their stability and ease of use. However, if you’re working with an adapter supported by this driver, here’s everything you need to know.

Key Features of the rtl8852cu Driver

• WiFi Standards: IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac/ax (WiFi 6)
• Security Protocols:
• WEP, WPA TKIP, WPA2 AES/Mixed mode (PSK and TLS)
• WPA3-SAE R2
• WPS (PIN and PBC methods)
• Modes Supported:
• Client mode
• AP mode (with DFS channel support)
• P2P-client and P2P-GO
• IBSS (not tested)
• Advanced Features:
• Miracast
• WiFi-Direct
• Wake on WLAN
• VHT and HE control (supports 160 MHz channel width in AP mode)

Note: Monitor mode is not supported. If you require monitor mode, consider adapters based on the mt7610u, mt7612u, or mt7921au chipsets.

Compatible Devices and Chipsets

This driver supports a variety of USB WiFi adapters, including:

• Edup AX5400 EP-AX1671 (single-state, no onboard Windows driver)
• Brostrend AX8
• TP-Link Archer TX50UH V1
• TP-Link Archer TXE70UH(EU) V1
• MSI AXE5400

Warning: Multi-state adapters (those with internal Windows drivers) may cause issues on Linux. For better compatibility, opt for single-state and single-function adapters. Avoid multi-function adapters (e.g., those combining WiFi and Bluetooth).

Supported CPU Architectures and Kernels

• CPU Architectures:
• x86, i386, i686
• x86-64, amd64
• armv6l, armv7l (arm)
• aarch64 (arm64)
• Kernel Versions:
• Officially tested: 5.4 to 6.6 (Realtek)
• Community-supported: 6.7 to 6.12

Tested Compilers: gcc 12, 13, and 14.

Installation Guide

Prerequisites

Before installing the driver, ensure your system is up-to-date and has the necessary development tools installed. You’ll also need internet access during installation.

1. Update Your System:

• For Debian-based distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, Kali):
  bash sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
• For Arch-based distributions (e.g., Manjaro):
  bash sudo pacman -Syu
• For Fedora:
  bash sudo dnf upgrade

1. Install Required Packages:

• Mandatory packages: gcc, make, bc, kernel-headers, build-essential, git
• Highly recommended: dkms, rfkill, iw, ip
• For Secure Boot: openssl, sign-file, mokutil Example for Ubuntu:

   sudo apt install -y build-essential dkms git iw

3. Download and Install the Driver:

   git clone https://github.com/morrownr/rtl8852cu-20240510.git
   cd rtl8852cu-20240510
   sudo ./install-driver.sh

4. Reboot Your System:
   After installation, reboot to ensure the driver loads correctly:

   sudo reboot

Troubleshooting Tips

• Adapter Turned To CD-ROM Mode: Visit https://github.com/morrownr/8821cu-20210916/issues/92
• Conflicting Drivers: Installing multiple out-of-kernel drivers for the same hardware can cause issues. Use sudo dkms status to check for conflicts.
• Secure Boot: If Secure Boot is enabled, follow the instructions in the FAQ to enroll the signing key.
• Manual Installation: If DKMS is unavailable, you can manually compile and install the driver using:

  make clean
  make -j$(nproc)
  sudo make install
  sudo reboot

Recommended Router/AP Settings

To optimize your WiFi performance:

1. Security: Use WPA2-AES or WPA3. Avoid mixed modes like WPA/WPA2.
2. Channel Width:

• 2.4 GHz: Set to 20 MHz fixed width.
• 5 GHz: Use channels 36–48 or 149–165 for compatibility.

1. Network Names: Avoid naming all bands (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz) the same.
2. Router Placement: Position the router centrally, elevated, and away from walls.

Final Notes

While this driver provides robust support for RTL8832CU and RTL8852CU adapters, it is not without limitations. Users should weigh the trade-offs between stability, compatibility, and advanced features when choosing a WiFi adapter. For most desktop and server users, in-kernel drivers remain the best choice.

If you encounter issues or have questions, consult the FAQ or open an issue on the GitHub repository.

Happy networking!

The post Linux Driver for RTL8832CU and RTL8852CU USB WiFi Adapters appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

Introduction

In the realm of amateur radio, the need for a versatile, user-friendly, and cost-effective data transceiver has always been a driving force behind innovation. The KM6LYW Radio DigiPi Project embodies this spirit, offering a groundbreaking solution that leverages the Raspberry Pi to create an all-in-one data transceiver for various amateur radio data modes. This comprehensive guide explores the DigiPi Project, its functionalities, hardware requirements, software configurations, and community resources, providing a detailed roadmap for both enthusiasts and newcomers in the amateur radio community.

What is DigiPi?

The DigiPi is a Raspberry Pi-based amateur radio data transceiver designed to handle an array of data modes, including APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System), AX.25, Winlink email, FT8, JS8Call, Slow Scan TV, PSK31, packet radio, and CW (Continuous Wave). It is an open-source project aimed at providing a low-power, affordable, and easy-to-use solution for managing amateur radio data modes through web browsers and smartphone apps. This eliminates the need for bulky keyboards, monitors, and complex wiring, making it an ideal choice for both field operations and stationary setups.

Key Features of DigiPi

1. Packet Radio Terminal Node Controller (TNC) KISS Interface: DigiPi supports KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) mode, allowing it to interface with various open-standard KISS applications such as Xastir, YAAC, WOAD, and APRSdroid via WiFi or Bluetooth.
2. APRS WebChat Interface: Users can send instant messages over the APRS network using a web browser, providing a convenient way to communicate in real-time.
3. APRS Packet Radio Network Digipeater: DigiPi can act as a digipeater, relaying APRS packets on specific frequencies (144.390 and 144.800) to extend network coverage.
4. APRS Packet Radio Network IGate: It bridges the APRS network to the internet, enabling email, SMS, and other online services.
5. Winlink Email Server and Client: The DigiPi integrates with Winlink, allowing users to send and receive emails through Winlink radio clients. It also supports ARDOP (Amateur Radio Digital Open Protocol) for HF band communications and the WOAD Android app for wireless TNC/KISS connectivity.
6. WSJTX FT8 and JS8Call: These modes enable ultra-low signal-to-noise ratio contacts via web browsers, WiFi, or phone interfaces.
7. FLDigi: Supports a wide range of digital modes including CW, PSK31, RTTY, Contessa, FSQ, Hell, IFKP, MFSK, MT63, Olivia, PSK, QPSK, 8PSK, PSKR, THOR, Throb, and WeatherFax.
8. Slow Scan TV: Enables the sending and receiving of images via web browsers, WiFi, or phones.
9. AX.25 Networking: Facilitates radio-connected networking protocols used for Winlink and node services, including IP tunneling with amateur radio addresses.
10. Node Services: Users can run their own bulletin board or messaging services and connect to other nodes via intermediate nodes.

Hardware Requirements

The DigiPi Project supports various Raspberry Pi models including the Pi Zero, Pi Zero 2W, Pi3, Pi4, and Pi5. Depending on the type of radio equipment used, additional components may be required.

Essential Components

1. Raspberry Pi: A Pi Zero 2W is recommended for its compact size and affordability, but other models are also compatible.
2. Audio Board:

• Fe-Pi Audio Z v2: Priced at around $24, this audio board is compatible with a wide range of radio equipment.
• Audio Injector Z: Priced at approximately $20, it requires editing /boot/config.txt to enable.

1. Push-to-Talk (PTT) Circuit:

• FET and Resistor: A 2N7000 N-Channel FET and a 100K resistor are required for creating a PTT circuit. These components are relatively inexpensive and readily available.

1. Optional Components:

• TFT Display: An Adafruit 1.3″ TFT display ($16) or a larger 2.8″ ILI9341 display ($45) can be used for visual feedback.
• LEDs: Optional LEDs for transmit, receive, and Bluetooth indicators are available for around $9.
• Ferrite Bead: Used to reduce electromagnetic interference around the wires connecting the radio to the audio board.

Hardware Configuration

The DigiPi hardware setup involves either a PTT-circuit build or a USB-connected build, depending on the type of radio used. Radios with USB ports (e.g., Icom IC-7300, Yaesu FT-991, Icom IC-705) require only the Raspberry Pi and a USB cable. For radios without USB ports, additional components such as the audio board and PTT circuit are necessary.

Building the PTT Circuit

For radios that require a traditional PTT circuit, you’ll need to construct a simple PTT circuit using the 2N7000 FET and a 100K resistor. Detailed wiring diagrams are available to guide the assembly process. The Fe-Pi Audio Z v2 board is compatible with a broad range of radios, while the Audio Injector Zero is better suited for radios with higher audio output levels.

USB-Cable Connections

Radios with USB connectivity simplify the setup process. You only need a USB OTG cable to connect the Raspberry Pi to the radio, bypassing the need for additional audio boards or PTT circuits.

Software Configuration

The DigiPi software configuration process involves flashing an SD card with the DigiPi image, configuring network settings, and setting up the DigiPi interface.

Flashing the SD Card

1. Download and Unzip: Obtain the DigiPi image file and unzip it using a tool such as unzip on Linux or appropriate utilities on Windows and Mac.
2. Flash the Image:

• On Linux: Use the dd command to flash the image to the SD card.
• On Windows and Mac: Use recommended tools for SD card flashing.

1. Boot the Raspberry Pi: Insert the flashed SD card into the Raspberry Pi and power it on.

Initial Setup

1. Connect to DigiPi Hotspot: The DigiPi will broadcast a WiFi hotspot named “DigiPi” with the default password “abcdefghij.” Connect your device to this hotspot.
2. Configure WiFi: Visit http://10.0.0.5/wifi.php in a web browser to enter your home WiFi SSID and password. Reboot the DigiPi to connect it to your home network.
3. Access the DigiPi Interface: Once connected to your home network, access the DigiPi web interface at http://digipi/. If the host is not found, check your router’s connected devices for the DigiPi’s IP address.
4. Initialize the System: Click the “Initialize” link on the DigiPi web interface to configure your callsign, passwords, grid squares, and other localization settings.

Configuration Files

The DigiPi configuration files are located in /home/pi/localize.sh. Modifications to these files can be made directly if necessary. Future versions of DigiPi will allow changes through the web interface.

Community and Support

The DigiPi Project is community-driven and open-source. Support and updates are available through various channels:

1. Discord: Join the DigiPi live chat on Discord.
2. Google Groups: Participate in discussions on the DigiPi Google Group.
3. Groups.io: Access the old/deprecated list for additional information.
4. YouTube: Watch step-by-step hardware and software configuration videos on the KM6LYW Radio YouTube channel.

Additional Information

• Default Password: The default password for the “pi” user is “raspberry.”
• Filesystem: The DigiPi filesystem is read-only to prevent SD card wear. To make modifications, use sudo remount.
• Bluetooth Pairing: Pair Bluetooth devices using bluetoothctl commands.
• Display: Configure the TFT display and use it to start igate or digipeater services.

For those seeking a deeper dive into the DigiPi Project, the KM6LYW Radio YouTube channel offers a valuable resource. The channel features a series of step-by-step instructional videos that cover everything from the initial hardware assembly to detailed software configuration. These videos guide viewers through the entire process, providing visual demonstrations of building the PTT circuit, setting up the audio board, flashing the SD card, and configuring network settings. By following these tutorials, you can gain practical insights and troubleshooting tips to ensure a smooth setup and optimal performance of your DigiPi system. For a comprehensive understanding and hands-on guidance, exploring these YouTube videos is highly recommended.

Conclusion

The KM6LYW Radio DigiPi Project represents a significant advancement in amateur radio technology, providing a versatile and user-friendly platform for managing various data modes. Whether you are a seasoned operator or a newcomer, the DigiPi offers a powerful toolset for enhancing your amateur radio experience. By following this comprehensive guide, you can successfully build, configure, and operate your own DigiPi setup, contributing to the growing community of amateur radio enthusiasts.

The post The KM6LYW Radio DigiPi Project: A Comprehensive Guide appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.

In the world of amateur radio, innovation and experimentation are key. One of the most exciting tools available to amateur radio operators today is the Raspberry Pi, a versatile and affordable single-board computer. With its compact size, powerful capabilities, and extensive community support, the Raspberry Pi can revolutionize your ham radio setup. In this blog post, we’ll explore the various uses of Raspberry Pi for amateur radio operators and delve into the advantages of using Ubuntu Linux on this tiny powerhouse.

Why Raspberry Pi for Amateur Radio?

The Raspberry Pi offers several advantages that make it an excellent choice for amateur radio enthusiasts:

1. Affordability: Starting at just $35, the Raspberry Pi provides a cost-effective solution for a wide range of radio applications.
2. Compact Size: Its small form factor makes it easy to integrate into your existing radio setup without taking up much space.
3. Versatility: With a plethora of available software and hardware add-ons, the Raspberry Pi can be adapted for numerous radio functions.
4. Community Support: A large and active community means plenty of resources, tutorials, and forums to help you troubleshoot and expand your projects.

Common Uses of Raspberry Pi in Amateur Radio

1. Digital Mode Operations: The Raspberry Pi can be used to operate various digital modes such as FT8, PSK31, and RTTY. Software like WSJT-X can be easily installed on the Raspberry Pi to decode and encode digital signals.
2. Software-Defined Radio (SDR): Pairing a Raspberry Pi with an SDR dongle (like the RTL-SDR) allows you to receive a wide range of frequencies and demodulate various types of signals. Software such as GQRX or CubicSDR can be used to process the SDR data.
3. APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System): The Raspberry Pi can be used as an APRS iGate or digipeater. By using software like Direwolf, you can decode APRS packets and send position reports to APRS-IS.
4. EchoLink Node: You can set up a Raspberry Pi as an EchoLink node, allowing you to connect to other EchoLink nodes and repeaters worldwide. This is particularly useful for operators without access to a physical radio.
5. Repeater Controller: A Raspberry Pi can serve as a repeater controller, managing the operation of an amateur radio repeater, handling tasks such as CW ID, timers, and control functions.
6. Weather Station Integration: By connecting sensors to the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi, you can collect weather data and transmit it via APRS or other digital modes.
7. Remote Station Control: You can use the Raspberry Pi to control your radio station remotely. Software like Hamlib or FLRig allows you to operate your rig from anywhere in the world.

Ubuntu Linux on Raspberry Pi

While the Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) is the default operating system for Raspberry Pi, Ubuntu Linux is an excellent alternative that offers several benefits:

1. Familiarity: Ubuntu is one of the most popular Linux distributions, and many users are already familiar with its interface and package management system.
2. Support and Updates: Ubuntu provides regular updates and long-term support (LTS) versions, ensuring stability and security for your projects.
3. Software Availability: The Ubuntu repositories contain a vast array of software packages, including many applications relevant to amateur radio.

Installing Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi

1. Download Ubuntu: Go to the official Ubuntu website and download the appropriate image for your Raspberry Pi model.
2. Flash the Image: Use software like Balena Etcher to flash the downloaded image onto a microSD card.
3. Boot the Raspberry Pi: Insert the microSD card into your Raspberry Pi and power it on. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the setup.
4. Install Ham Radio Software: Use the terminal to install necessary software. For example, to install WSJT-X, you can use:

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install wsjtx

Popular Software for Amateur Radio on Ubuntu

• WSJT-X: For digital modes like FT8 and JT65.
• FLDigi: A versatile digital mode software.
• CQRLog: A powerful logging program for ham radio operators.
• Xastir: APRS software for Linux.
• GQRX: SDR receiver application.
• Hamlib: Library for controlling radio transceivers and receivers.

Conclusion

The Raspberry Pi is a game-changer for amateur radio operators, offering a compact, affordable, and versatile platform for a myriad of applications. By running Ubuntu Linux on your Raspberry Pi, you gain access to a robust and familiar operating system with a vast array of software tools at your disposal. Whether you’re operating digital modes, setting up an SDR, or controlling your station remotely, the Raspberry Pi can enhance your ham radio experience in exciting and innovative ways. Embrace the power of Raspberry Pi and take your amateur radio projects to new heights!

The post Unlocking the Potential of Raspberry Pi for Amateur Radio Operators appeared on Hamradio.my - Amateur Radio, Tech Insights and Product Reviews by 9M2PJU.